Raves and club drugs: How do I protect my kids?

 

Your kid goes to raves (or wants to go to one), and you’re worried. Newspaper reports have you scared. You’ve heard that kids use drugs there, and you’ve heard that some kids have even died. On the other hand, you know teens need to start learning to take care of themselves, make their own decisions, and take responsibility for their free time as well as their schoolwork and household chores.

You need to talk this over with your teen, but you need to be informed before you do.

What is a rave?

Raves are all-night dance parties, held outdoors or in dance clubs, old warehouses or other large indoor spaces. Kids hear about them from each other, through flyers, in rave culture magazines, or on rave Web sites.

Why do kids want to go to raves?

Kids go to raves for the atmosphere (they call it the “vibe�?. Just like you or your friends when you were young, they like to dance and they like to meet other young people. Raves also have a very loving, accepting atmosphere. Kids hug each other a lot and the common motto for the rave culture is “peace, love, unity and respect.�?They dance to electronic music played by a disc jockey or “DJ.�?

What are the physical dangers of raving?

Many of the concerns about raves are the same as your concerns would be about any party your teenager attends. At any party, you will want to know that your teenager will be able to say no to illegal or dangerous activities, to unwanted sexual advances, and to the abuse of alcohol and other drugs. You will want to know that the person who drives them to or from the party is alert, sober, and competent to drive. You also want them to go to the party with friends who are sensible and responsible, who will not pressure your teen to make unwise choices.

The dangers that are unique to raves come from the easy availability of drugs, the strenuous physical activity, and the physical conditions: crowding, poor ventilation, and flashing strobe lights are common at raves. Fewer than 20 deaths have happened at raves in Canada. This is a very low number, considering that thousands may attend a single rave, and they have been happening for over 15 years now. Almost all deaths at raves have been the result of not drinking enough water or not resting enough: ravers danced until they got overheated and dehydrated. Almost all, if not all, of the deaths could have been prevented if simple safety rules had been followed.

How do I keep my teen safe?

If your teenagers attend raves, make sure they know what to expect and what they can do to stay safe. As with any other topic, you will want to talk honestly with your teens about raves. Remember to listen as well as talk. Encourage them to ask you questions, but make sure that you have some answers, and know where to find more information. Be very honest about what you know and what you don’t know. Set guidelines for behaviour (e.g. Do you want to ban attending raves, or set a curfew? What alternative activity would you allow?). Be prepared to talk about your guidelines and to renegotiate them as your teens mature.

Raves and heat stroke

Most deaths at raves result from overheating and dehydration. Crowding, poor ventilation, and nonstop dancing contribute to water loss through perspiration, and to dangerously high body temperatures.

You can also drink too much water. Drinking too much is not very common, and no one in Canada has died of this (only one case is known worldwide). A maximum of one litre per hour has been suggested, but this varies according to each person’s body and activities. People who are dancing should drink about two cups of water (500 ml) an hour, to rehydrate and to help the body regulate its temperature. Isotonic sports drinks like Gatorade® and Powerade® can be used occasionally, but shouldn’t be the only source of liquids.

Raves usually have a “chill�?area, a good place for dancers to rest. A good guideline is to rest 15 minutes for every hour of dancing (just as you do a cool-down after a physical fitness class).

The warning signs of overheating and dehydration are: feeling hot, unwell and confused; dark urine or being unable to urinate; not sweating even when dancing; being unable to speak properly; headache; vomiting; high resting heart rate; and fainting, collapsing or convulsing.

As long as people are doing what they should do, the chances of this happening are very low.

At the first sign of dehydration, ravers should lie or sit down, sip water slowly and splash some on their skin, and ask a friend to stay with them, perhaps fanning them, until they are well again.

Drugs and raves

Many of the dancers at a rave are not there to use drugs, although drugs tend to be available. The dancing and companionship are the biggest draw. Most ravers, a recent study found, disapprove of smoking crack cocaine, drinking alcohol, or injecting drugs.

That said, there is a permissive attitude toward drugs at raves, with one of the drugs most commonly used being cannabis, the drug that ravers are most likely to have used. The drug that most people associate with raves, however, is ecstasy.

Ecstasy (methylenedioxymethamphetamine or MDMA) is a stimulant that allows ravers to dance all night, and makes them feel happy, confident, and loving toward others. Ecstasy interferes with the brain’s ability to regulate body temperature, so dancers who take ecstasy greatly increase the danger of overheating.

The cautions about using ecstasy are similar to the cautions about using many drugs, including legally prescribed drugs. Ecstasy is especially dangerous if you have a personal or family history of heart disease, kidney or liver problems, neurological problems (e.g. Parkinsonism, Tourette’s syndrome, epilepsy) or psychiatric illness (e.g. depression, schizophrenia). Ecstasy should not be combined with certain anti-depressants (e.g. Prozac¨, Zoloft¨), with weight-loss medication, or blood pressure medications.

Regular (e.g. weekly) use of ecstasy can be a problem, as you will build up tolerance, needing more of the drug to get the same effect. It is not physically addictive, but people do become dependent on the rave scene, including the drugs, to have fun and feel good about themselves.

Ecstasy often produces a “hangover�?effect, which can last several days after it’s taken. Symptoms may include depression, drowsiness, muscle aches, poor appetite, sleeplessness, and poor concentration. Someone who uses the drug every weekend may find that the drug becomes the centre of his or her life. Again, as a parent you probably can see when your child is spending too much time on one activity - whether that is the dance culture or watching television.

There is some evidence that ecstasy can damage your memory long after you have taken it, even if you’ve had a small dose and have not used it habitually. There is conclusive evidence that it can damage the liver.

As always, it is safest to use no drugs at all. It’s certainly possible and acceptable to have fun at a rave without taking drugs. You can use this information to negotiate with your kids (you may permit them to go to a rave, for example, as long as they’re with kids that won’t pressure them to use drugs, or that don’t use drugs).

Sometimes kids think they are buying ecstasy, but they are actually buying more dangerous drugs, such as PMA, ketamine, GHB or LSD.

The first three can be deadly; LSD will give kids hallucinations and can put them in danger when they can’t judge distance, speed or time properly.