I have read what Larry Cohen has written about this subject. He says that most players don't cope well with this interference. There's not a lot written about the subject of handling interference after opening a strong 2 club opening bid. He suggests bidding with a good reason to interfere. The opponents won't necessarily know when a double is for takeout or penalty. All that said, what is a good reason? Be careful when you are vulnerable. The penalties can get high quickly. Be very carful when your side is vulnerable and the opponents are not vulnerable. Be more careful in IMP scoring.
But when the vulnerability is favorable, it will usually work out well to bid on the two level when holding a decent suit. I'd overcall 2 clubs with 2 spades holding KQJxx or QJ10xxx and nothing else if the vulnerability was favorable.