Bantam: a diminutive fowl; some being distinct breeds, others being miniatures of a large breed or variety, approximately one-fourth (1/4) to one-fifth (1/5) their weight. Usually ornamental in character.

Beard: (1) a cluster of feathers pendent from the upper throat of some fowl. Found only in combinations with Muffs. (2) the small tuft of long, coarse, bristly, black hairs projecting from the upper part of the breast of the adult male turkey.

Booted: fowls that are feathered on shanks and toes and having vulture hocks are said to be booted.

Bow-legged: a deformity in which the legs are farther apart at the hocks than at the feet and knee joints; a disqualification if a perceptible angle is evident at the hock when viewed from the front or back.

Brassiness: a term descriptive of a light yellowish metallic case commonly found in the plumage of White and Parti-White varieties, and to a lesser degree in several other varieties, particularly in the hackle, wing-bow and saddle of the male; a serious defect, may be hereditary or affected by exposure to sun rays and certain items in the diet.

Breed: an established group of individuals possessing similar characteristics and when mated together produce offspring with those same characteristics. A breed may include a number of varieties of the same general weight, distinguished by different color plumage.

Close feathered: said of a fowl in which the feathers are held closely to the body (i.e., at no perceptible angle to the body).

Cock: a male fowl one year old or more.

Cockerel: a male fowl less than one year old.

Comb: the fleshy protuberance on top of the head of a fowl, larger in the male than the female. Of various forms and variations of forms in different breeds, usually red in color. Eight types of combs include: 1) Buttercup, 2) Cushion, 3) Pea, 4) Rose, 5) Silkie, 6) Single, 7) Strawberry and 8) V-Shaped. The comb helps cool bird much like radiator cools a car.

Condition: the state of a fowl in regard to health, including cleanliness and brightness of plumage, head parts, legs and feet.

Crest: an almost globular tuft of feathers on the top of the head of some fowl and waterfowl, as in Polish, Houdans, Crevecoeurs, Silkies, Sultans and White Crested Ducks. Full expression is partially dependent on the "knob" which is the term most generally used to describe the bony structure and mass of tissue and follicles from which the crest grows.

Defect: anything short of perfection; nearly all are inherited.

Dewlap: a pendulous growth of skin under the rear of the beak or bill and extending onto the throat area. Examples include African Geese & Brahma females.

Disqualification: a term applied to a deformity or a defect, sufficiently serious to debar a fowl from an award, usually inherited. Also applies to evidence of faking.

Dubbed: dubbing: a term used to describe too close trimming of comb, wattles and ear-lobes of the male Modern Game & Old English Game. Cocks not dubbed; a disqualification in above mentioned breeds.

Duck-foot: a condition where the fourth or hind toe is carried forward so as to touch or almost touch the third toe instead of carried backward to touch the ground and help balance the bird; a disqualification.

Ear-lobes: the fleshy patch of bare skin below the ears, varying in size and shape with color either red, white, blue or purple, according to the breed. In all breeds the texture should be fine and soft, the surface smooth, the outline regular and size uniform. It is possible to tell what color the egg shell is by looking at the color of the ear lobe.

Feather legged: a term used to designate those breeds having feathers on the outer sides of shanks, and on the outer, or the outer and middle toes.

Finish: the term applied to fowl which indicates the completion of growth of the entire body, head parts, plumage, shanks and toes, and which must have the proper color, luster and sheen. Indicates bloom of health, ideal weight and perfection of plumage color and growth.

Foreign color: a color in any part of a fowl that differs greatly from the color prescribed by the Standard. A disqualification in some breeds, and a defect in others.

Frizzle feather: a term used to denote feathers which are curled and which curve outward and forward, a characteristic of Frizzle chickens. Also to a lesser degree in Sebastopol Geese.

Hackle: the rear and side neck plumage of a fowl. Feathers on male and female differ in shape and structure except in breeds having hen-feathered males.

Hard feather: a term used in describing a plumage characteristic of Game fowl. Hardness is dependent on narrowness and shortness of the feather, toughness and substance of shaft, substance of barbs, and the firm closely knitted character of the barbs forming the web and scanty fluff.

Hen: a female fowl. For exhibition purposes, a female chicken or turkey one year old or more.

Hen-feathered: a male having feathers like a female  oval instead of pointed sex feathers in hackle, saddle, wingbow and sickles. A hen-feathered male is also identical with the female of the same variety in color and markings; as in Sebrights.

Hock: the joint between lower thigh and shank, sometimes incorrectly referred to as the knee.

Hackle: the rear and side neck