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European History : NZ occupation of Trieste
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 Message 1 of 24 in Discussion 
From: MSN NicknameKahu751  (Original Message)Sent: 3/25/2008 4:03 AM
Can anyone help with this question? I was aware of the New Zealand occupation of Trieste and muscle-flexing of the ensuing Cold War and the handover to the British and Americans from close family relatives.......and I suppose its conceivable that there may have conflict and casualties in the early stages of the occupation. But I was always told that the partisans backed down under the NZ forces insistence. Many Maori troops (Ngapuhi North Auckland) were related to Dalmatian Croats, early migrants from this region so things were fairly amicable. There was an under current of hostility between the Chetniks and Titos partisans. It seems strange that the NZ Government would officially deny casualties........but this was a pretty cloak and dagger time!
 
I am 38 years old and I work in the shipping industry (Big Carriers). I am very fond of history and I do collect military insignia and collecticles.
Born in Trieste, I am naturally interested in the history of my city, especially for the period 1943-1954. We had an Allied Military Government here from 1945 to 1954 and also New Zealandese Troops were stationed in the city.
......I would like to discuss with you an episode occurred just after Ww2 end, where it was claimed that some new zealandese soldiers were killed by tito partisans. It is reported from different sources here, but it seems that NZ Government at the time (the early stage of the Cold War) officially denied it.


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The number of members that recommended this message. 0 recommendations  Message 10 of 24 in Discussion 
Sent: 3/27/2008 9:48 PM
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 Message 11 of 24 in Discussion 
From: MSN NicknameKahu751Sent: 3/27/2008 11:01 PM

My apologies Tiger593, I did post here a while back (in 05/06) in the US Civil War thread........but I got confused with the actual process of posting and replying so I simply put it in the 'too hard basket'. Now I think I've made a similar mistake in reporting back my findings........the html formatting seems to have made the whole thing a mish mash and extremely difficult to read.

......I would like to discuss with you an episode occurred just after Ww2 end, where it was claimed that some new zealandese soldiers were killed by tito partisans. It is reported from different sources here, but it seems that NZ Government at the time (the early stage of the Cold War) officially denied it.

I managed to find two instances where NZ soldiers were killed by both  Tito partisans and Chetniks. I also located a reference to the 'British intelligence officer' Geoffrey Cox and some of his observations on the savagery that went on during 'the forty days of Trieste' the period when the partisans held most of Trieste. This in turn led me to the Basovizza foibe and whole new can of worms, (foibe = cave, pit, limestone sinkhole, mine). Now basically I'm waiting on a reply from my young correspondent - 'It is reported from different sources here...' about what he knows from his sources.......so maybe I'll be able to see if we're on the right track. It's hard to believe that the NZ Govt would suppress the deaths of servicemen, but given the cloak and dagger stuff of the Cold War........who knows??


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Sent: 3/27/2008 11:21 PM
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Sent: 3/27/2008 11:26 PM
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 Message 14 of 24 in Discussion 
From: MSN NicknameKahu751Sent: 3/27/2008 11:41 PM
Yes it was.
My translation of Venezia Giulia is the Julian Marches which includes the Istrian peninsula and the provinces of Gorizia, Trieste and Fiume. This area is a real hotch podge of ethnicities Italians, Slovenes, Croats and Slavs. From what I've been able to find out it was created as a reward for the Italian entry to the Allied side in WWI (Treaty of London 1915).......and probably was the cause of all the savagery in the immediate post war years. The Allied Military Government was in place 1945 - 1954.

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Sent: 3/28/2008 12:05 AM
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 Message 16 of 24 in Discussion 
From: MSN NicknameKahu751Sent: 3/28/2008 12:14 AM
Thanks for the reconstruction of the page.........how did I get it so fouled up??
 
On 12 May Petrol Company sent two platoons (Nos. 2 and 3) complete with cook-trucks and platoon headquarters, to the docks at Trieste to unload supplies and POL. In the city they found an ‘uneasy peace�? with dour Yugoslavs (both men and women) of Marshal Tito's forces patrolling the streets, their red-starred tricolour freely displayed. The Yugoslavs claimed Trieste as their own; and great care was needed, in a trigger-happy situation, to avoid incidents. Our men carried arms wherever they went; concentration areas were allocated in case of a general disturbance. Eventually an amicable settlement was reached and the Yugoslavs withdrew, the conduct of our troops having served very notably as a smoothing influence. Quick action by one New Zealand brigade, in fact, prevented a clash between Tito's Yugoslavs and 12,000 of General Mikhaelovic's Chetniks, who were induced, in the end, to lay down their arms.
 
Mikhaelovic was executed by Tito later in 1949...........
The communist regime further consolidated its grip on power by punishing wartime collaborators and eliminating political and religious opposition. The show trial and execution of Chetnik leader General Draža Mihajlović in Belgrade and the Zagreb trial and imprisonment of Archbishop Aloysius Stepinac sent strong signals to all opponents of the new regime, strengthening a siege mentality that remained a major hallmark of postwar Yugoslavia.

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 Message 17 of 24 in Discussion 
From: MSN NicknameKahu751Sent: 3/28/2008 8:25 AM
I had a reply from my correspondent........
 
thanks a lot for your help. I will collect some more detailed informations and will revert to you. It was reported by local news just after may 1945. A NZ patrol went missing.
Best Regards Matt
 
I've certainly not turned up the answer to that one yet...........??
Maybe there's something in this??

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The number of members that recommended this message. 0 recommendations  Message 18 of 24 in Discussion 
Sent: 4/5/2008 11:07 AM
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 Message 19 of 24 in Discussion 
From: MSN Nickname--sundaySent: 4/6/2008 3:37 PM
Kahu, it's nice to see you've come back.  If you have any questions or problems, please know that my email door is always open:  [email protected]  However, most times, if you just post a problem that you're having with the message boards, chances are other members have had the same problem and they can help you with it.
 
sunday

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 Message 20 of 24 in Discussion 
From: MSN NicknameKahu751Sent: 4/7/2008 1:08 AM
Thanks Sunday......Much appreciated.

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 Message 21 of 24 in Discussion 
From: MSN NicknameFlashman191Sent: 4/12/2008 8:02 PM
Kahu
From one exponent of the broad brush "Communism started with Cromwell and Darwin" theory to another exponent  of the more scholarly yet supportive school may I express my appreciation of your Trieste contribution?
Peter

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 Message 22 of 24 in Discussion 
From: MSN NicknameKahu751Sent: 4/14/2008 12:14 PM

Thank you Peter..... I feel I've come to a bit of a dead end though.....at least until my correspondent gets back with whatever information he has.

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 Message 23 of 24 in Discussion 
From: MSN NicknameKahu751Sent: 4/14/2008 1:20 PM

Well in the meantime.......just reorganising my thoughts on which direction to go...

Walter Nash became a Labour PM of New Zealand who earned the undying emnity of my grandmother by hiking the tax on tobacco ( a packet of cigarettes was 2/6, I used to go and get them for her).....and when approached by angry Labour Party supporters said that 'they should suck lemon drops instead of smoking'. I always remember him as a nice old man with a broad english accent. 

http://www.nzembassy.com/info.cfm?c=31&l=86&CFID=2250531&CFTOKEN=6282&s=bu&p=60358

Later in the year, the Deputy Prime Minister (and subsequent Prime Minister), Walter Nash, was appointed to Washington as 'Special Minister " to the United States. (He would retain both his Ministerial portfolios and his parliamentary seat in New Zealand).

Nash arrived in January and presented his credentials to President Roosevelt on 16 February 1942, the day after the fall of Singapore. The collapse of the British imperial presence in Southeast Asia in effect brought into sharp focus the new facts of strategic life for New Zealand, as for the United States; the Asian-Pacific dimension of things had loomed threateningly and very large into sight for both countries. It is a reflection of this reciprocity of concern that the first United States Legation in New Zealand was established 1 April 1942; Patrick J. Hurley, the first Minister, presented his credentials in Wellington on 24 April 1942.

NEW ZEALAND IN WASHINGTON

1942-45: The Wartime Legation

The task ahead of Walter Nash and his small staff was formidable. In wartime Washington, as the United States was marshalling its amazing resources and being propelled into world leadership, the Legation had to ensure a New Zealand voice in the formulation of allied strategy, to foster bilateral ties, to arrange supplies and equipment and to speak for New Zealand on a whole range of issues. The history shows that New Zealand often felt frustrated by the difficulty of securing recognition as a full and equal partner.

The many demands on Nash within the United States, back home and representing New Zealand in wartime councils, meant that he spent much time away from Washington. Geoffrey Cox acted as Charge d'Affaires for much of the time between his arrival in July 1942 and Nash's final departure from Washington in July 1944. Cox, who was seconded from the New Zealand Division in the Middle East, recalls that on his arrival in Washington Walter Nash took him down to the White House to meet President Roosevelt. The President asked if the Alamein position - which Rommel had reached a few days earlier - would hold. Cox, who had just left the New Zealanders there, said it was a good defensive position and should be held. "Well, I hope so," said the President, "since we've sent them all our best tanks and my generals didn't like that at all".

Cox later wrote of the Special Minister:

". . . Nash rapidly won for himself a remarkable degree of influence in Washington. He had reasonably easy access to the President (access he skilfully did not over use), to Cordell Hull at the State Department, and very importantly to Admiral King, who was the dominant figure in controlling the war in the Pacific . . . he did a first class job for New Zealand during the intermittent periods he spent in Washington between 1942 and 1944".

Nash's biographer, Sir Keith Sinclair, writes that Nash spoke often (to U.S. audiences) about New Zealand's welfare state, but also about the great issues of war and peace, about what the allies were fighting for, about the better world to come. People had to believe this, and wanted to hear it. He came to be referred to very often in the press as a Pacific New Dealer..... His sentiments and opinions on such topics as international aid, peace, social welfare, happily coincided with the very strong streak of idealism in American opinion at that time. He gave speeches called, for instance, "The End of Imperialism", which were very much in line with liberal American thinking .... Nash very often hit the front pages. For all the pressures Nash later described his time in Washington as one of the happiest periods of his life.

During the McCarthy era of the early 50's Nash was refused entry to the US on the grounds he was a 'communist'!


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 Message 24 of 24 in Discussion 
From: MSN NicknameFlashman191Sent: 4/14/2008 8:33 PM
1952......good chance he was. After all, the RNZAF was fighting Mig 15s in Korea, which were equipped with British Labour supplied Rolls Royce Nene engines.  

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