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 | | From: smith (Original Message) | Sent: 11/10/2003 8:41 PM |
Discuss the impact of ethnic nationalism in recent canadian history. Compare and contrast that with the impact on theUS of the ethnic diversity(address increasing Hispaning population and at least one other-African, African-American, Asian, Russian , or other |
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Is this the only post about Canadian history on this board? We should do something about this! |
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I'll start locally...I worked here as an archeology "student" one summer. We found lots of native artifacts (this building is located on a significant site above Cootes Paradise/Lake Ontario) and some pottery and coins, etc. One of Hamilton's most-recognized landmarks, Dundurn Castle is a National Historic site that illustrates the life and times of Sir Allan Napier MacNab (1798 - 1862). Dundurn Castle was constructed over a three-year period, and completed by 1835. Designed by a young English Architect, Robert Wetherall, Dundurn was built around the brick shell of Colonel Richard Beasley's colonial home. Designed as a fashionable Regency style villa, Dundurn (Gaelic for "fort on the water") was nicknamed "Castle" by the citizens of Hamilton. The Castle, with its gardens, grounds and many unusual outbuildings, was one of the finest estates in the province. Today, Dundurn Castle has been restored to the year 1855 when MacNab was at the height of his career as a lawyer, landowner, railway magnate and Premier of the United Canadas (1845-56). Over forty rooms, above and below stairs, have been furnished to compare the life of a prominent Victorian family with that of their servants. Costumed staff guide visitors through the home, illustrating daily life from the 1850s. MacNab, born in Niagara-on-the-Lake, came to Hamilton from York in 1826 to begin his career as a lawyer. Having lost his first wife Elizabeth Brookes that same year, he raised his two children Robert and Anne Jane as a widower. In 1831, MacNab married Mary Stuart and had two more children, Sophia and Minnie. During the construction of Dundurn, his son Robert was killed in a hunting accident. MacNab was an important figure in the pre-Confederation history of Canada. He was declared a "Boy Hero" for his role in the War of 1812. Following his support of the royalist cause in the Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837, Queen Victoria knighted MacNab. Sir Allan MacNab left his mark on the growing town of Hamilton by helping to establish the railway, the first bank and representing the area for thirty years in Parliament. source: http://www.hamilton.ca/culture-and-rec/MUSEUMS/dundurn/default.asp 
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More links on Dundurn Castle: |
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The Underground Railway Upper Canada’s early Anti-Slavery Act was followed in 1833 by the complete abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire. In the United States however, slavery continued. Both free and escaped slaves from the United States had been making their way to Canada for many decades. Gradually their routes became more established as the “Underground Railroad�? This term referred to a secret network of African American and White, men and women, who used railroad language as a code to escort and assist individuals following the North star to freedom. The flow of African Americans into Canada increased dramatically after 1850, with the passing of the Fugitive Slave Act in the United States. This Act encouraged the capture and return to slavery of African Americans, eliminating their right to testify on their own behalf, and denying their right to jury trial. This Act increased the risk to free African Americans as well. Anyone aiding in the escape of a slave could be fined or imprisoned, and many were. It was through great personal sacrifice and great secrecy that the Underground Railroad continued to operate, doubling Ontario’s African American population from about 20,000 to 40,000 in the first ten years after the Fugitive Slave Act. *photo published by Thomas Y. Crowell Company, New York  Although lesser known as an extension of the Underground Railroad than other towns such as Amherstburg, Buxton, Chatham, Dresden, Hamilton, Kingston, Niagara Falls, Toronto, St. Catharines and Windsor, the Town of Oakville was the gateway to Canada for many African Americans, as early as the 1830s. William Chisholm purchased the land around Sixteen Mile Creek in 1827 and in 1834 the Town of Oakville became an official Port of Entry into Canada. Ships from Oakville sailed throughout the Great Lakes and beyond, and many slaves were assisted by ship captains to stow away in grain vessels. Stories are told of a tunnel which ran from the 16 mile creek to the Herb Merry House on Trafalgar Road, and there is also some evidence to suggest there may have been a tunnel leading under Navy Street from near the Custom House. Particularly well remembered is Captain Robert Wilson, who brought many African Americans to Oakville concealed aboard his ships. For years following the American Civil War (1861-1865), African Americans would come to George’s Square in Oakville to celebrate Emancipation Day, and those who had been helped by “Captain Robert�?would visit him at his nearby “Mariners Home�? which still stands at 279 Lawson Street. *photo courtesy of Oakville Historical Society Collection source: http://www.oakvillemuseum.com/railroad.asp |
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I was looking for information on the dog effigy mound located near Dog Lake (close to Thunder Bay, Ontario) and the closest I could get to information on the mounds is south, in Ohio. I remember seeing an aerial photograph of the dog mound, and it is very similar to this picture (being encircled in stones). Serpent Mound Serpent mound, stretching a quarter mile long, is the largest serpent effigy (representation of an image) known to this day. There are also serpent effigies located in Scotland and Ontario that are very similar. The bottom of the mound is constructed of clay and rock and the soil covering the rock is four to five feet high. The mound was built on top of a remarkably unique cryptoexplosive structure that has caused the effigy to become misshapen through the years. The structure of the serpent is controversial. Squier and Davis were among the first to survey the mound. According to them the shape looked like a serpent with it's mouth open, about to devour an egg. Others have said that it represented the myth of the horned serpent in many Indian cultures. The ancestors of the Indians who lived around Lake Superior said that they took copper out of the horns of the serpent (Greenman, 1970). Serpent Mound is located in Ohio, east of Cincinnati, off of highway 73. It is placed atop a ridge that over looks the Ohio Brush Creek. It is located in the Serpent Mound State Memorial and is accessible to the public. It is believed that the area around Serpent Mound was inhabited between 3000 BP and 1300 BP. Researchers have found some similarities between the previous Adena Indian habitats and Serpent Mound. Another indication that the Adena Indians built serpent mound was the Adena burial mounds that were located near Serpent Mound. The Adena Indians are famous for their earthwork (mounds). They lived throughout Ohio and parts of Kentucky and West Virginia. They were primarily hunters and gatherers, but evidence has shown some horticulture as well. They made ornaments from copper, tubular pipes and stone tablets (Woodward & McDonald, 1986) Serpent images, carved on stone tablets, have been found in the burial mounds of the Adena Indians (Webb & Snow, 1974). The function of Serpent Mound is mysterious. It was thought,at one time, that it was sent from God and the head of the serpent was facing the Garden of Eden. It is probably a religious symbol. The serpent has been a symbol of many things, such as eternity, incarnation of a deity, and evil (Greenman, 1970). The Adena could have built Serpent Mound for their god or to ward off evil. Excavations of Serpent Mound have found pottery fragments, ashes, burnt stone, and some animal bones (Greenman, 1970). This is evidence of occupation by the Adena Indians. Fredric Putman was one of the first archaeologists to excavate Serpent Mound. After displaying his findings at the Chicago World Fair in 1893, the site became well known. Putman was concerned about the destruction of Serpent Mound. He became part owner of the Historical Society of Ohio. He helped preserve Serpent Mound so it can now be viewed by anyone. From the top of the Serpent Tower in Ohio, the whole serpent effigy can be seen (Woodward & McDonald, 1986). source: http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/archaeology/sites/northamerica/serpent.html |
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Near this effigy is Dog Lake, from which the Kaministiqua River flows into Lake Superior (at the present Thunder Bay, my hometown). There is a voyageur portage there which I think is called Portage de Jourdin (Voyageurs: http://www.nps.gov/voya/futr/ch3b.htm). Other voyageur links: |
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