Chambers of Shrinking Witches

A Holistic Approach to the Treatment of Arthritis

by Michael Tierra

Arthritis is an inflammation of one or more joints characterized by pain, swelling, redness, heat, and, sometimes, structural changes. This condition is more common in women than in men. Arthritis may result from another condition - over eighty diseases may cause arthritis - or it may simply develop on its own. Further, any disease involving the sinovial membranes or causing degeneration of cartilage may cause arthritis.

Western medical diagnosis of arthritis consists of a thorough medical history, clinical examination of the affected joints, noticing the pattern of distribution, x-rays, blood tests, and examination of sinovial fluid obtained by aspiration of a swollen joint.

Arthritis may have a number of causes, hereditary, metabolic and from a history of unusual use involved with sports or work.

The two most common forms of the disease are called osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis, the most common form is also the most amenable to herbal treatment. It is a degenerative joint disease, often in heavier set individuals and usually beginning with the gradual deterioration of cartilage that affects primarily the larger weightÑbearing joints such as the hips, knees, and spine. This wear and tear is a normal process predominantly found in people aged 55 and older and by the eighth decade of life, approximately 90% of all people are affected by osteoarthritis. As the cartilage that serves as a cushion against normal wear and tear, breaks down, friction gradually damages the bones causing them to flake and crack due to overuse or injury. In advanced cases, the underlying bone becomes thickened and distorted and scar tissue may then replace damaged cartilage. This type of arthritis may at the early stages, not exhibit characteristic inflammation or the inflammation may only be episodic. As movement becomes painful and restricted, lessened use of the associated muscles will lead to their atrophy. This type of arthritis is very common with athletes who have played contact sports earlier in their lives.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a more chronic autoimmune form, often with a family history of the disease. It may also have a viral origin. It may affect one or more joints with the joint fluid or synovium becoming gradually inflamed and swollen. While Inflammation may occur in all joints, the most commonly affected are those of the hands and feet, particularly those of the knuckle and toe joints.

Rheumatoid arthritis may occur as a single mild attack or as several episodes which can leave the victim increasingly disabled. In a few persons, rheumatoid arthritis causes extensive deterioration of joint and bone tissues leading to joint deformities. Further complications can result in damage to the lungs, heart, nerves and eyes, making it difficult to lead an active, normal life. This form of arthritis can affect people of any age, but predominantly affects those between the ages of 40 and 60. Statistically, slightly less than one half of affected individuals have complete remission.

Psoriatic arthritis is a form of arthritis associated with psoriasis and can be confused with rheumatoid arthritis. It occurs only in a small minority of patients with psoriasis but may be painful and disabling. It often affects small joints such as the terminal joints of the fingers and toes or the spine (spondylitis) and sacroiliac (sacroiliitis). As a rule, psoriatic arthritis is seen where the skin or nails are affected as a spinÑoff from arthritic joints. Although this disease seems akin to rheumatoid arthritis in many ways, it is less difficult to discover where the problems stem from and what kind of treatment is needed.

The four primary medical objectives in the treatment of arthritis are the reduction of inflammation and pain, preservation of the jointsÕ function, prevention of deformity, and treatment of the cause (if known).

A rational western medical approach towards both prevention and treatment is to lessen or remove weight from the joints. This may entail using a walking stick, going on a balanced weight reduction diet, sleeping on a bed which properly conforms to the shape of the body, and getting frequent rest. Since the muscles also play a vital role in supporting the bones and joints of the body, regular exercise, both active and passive, will keep the affected muscles from weakening. Many individuals may benefit from a hydrotherapy program with the daily application of hot and cold water packs to induce muscle relaxation and consequently lessen or eliminate pain.

Anti-inflammatories ranging from aspirin to cortical steroids are commonly used to suppress inflammation and hence, reduce pain and swelling. Because various individuals exhibit differing levels of sensitivities to these drugs a rheumatologist may may try several, to determine which has the least adverse effects. These range from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and (in the case of rheumatoid arthritis) antimalarials, gold salts, penicillin and experimental cytotoxic drugs.

As a last resort, surgical removal of badly inflamed joint synovium may be required. Other common surgery includes fusion of the joint or artificial replacement of some joints.

The herbalists goal is to first enhance overall health and vitality emphasizing a diet of organic, whole foods, raw or lightly cooked, avoiding those foods including overly refined and processed foods, foods with artificial coloring or flavoring agents and over consumption of red meat, eggs and refined sugar, coffee (a stress stimulant), excess salt, alcohol, sodaÕs which usually contain bone weakening phosphates, smoked foods, flour products any foods such as dairy or wheat or any other foods that may adversely affect digestion or cause subtle allergic reactions. Because stress, both physical and emotional can aggravate arthritis, this must also be reduced as much as possible

A general principle is to avoid acid - producing foods in favor of foods which provide an alkaline reaction. This is achieved by avoiding or strictly reducing the use of meat (especially red meat), eggs and dairy products, obviously acidic foods like vinegar and pickles, refined carbohydrates and sugars (white sugar, white flour and all their products including cakes, cookies and pasta), most spices, and foods rich in oxalic acid (rhubarb, spinach, gooseberries, black or red. It is also wise to avoid or reduce coffee, black tea, alcohol, sugar and salt since these all contribute to the accumulation of toxins and are detrimental to the cleansing process.

The diet should consist of whole grains, organic seasonal fruits and vegetables, particularly green and root vegetables. At least three pints of fluid (preferably water with low mineral content) should be drunk daily to assist the body in flushing out its toxins. Fish and white meat may be eaten, though never more than two to four ounces in a day. In fact, a protein-restricted diet is of paramount importance in all metabolic disturbances. While in deficiency conditions first class protein is of paramount importance, care should be taken to use only those amounts, usually 4 ounces in the course of a day that a patient in a weakened digestive state can absorb. Vegetarians may also need to reduce their intake of legumes, which may consist of as little as only three servings of pulses (peas, lentils, beans) in a week and no more than three servings of tofu a week. Protein, necessary for rebuilding degenerated tissues, however should be present at every meal. By a judicious variety of fish, white meat (such as chicken or turkey), beans, pulses, tofu, tempeh or seitan (wheat gluten) even, if one can tolerate them, the use of a couple of eggs once or twice a week for breakfast it should be possible to incorporate the desired four ounces of protein at each meal.

Fruit and fruit juices that are high in sugar, while less of a problem than refined sugar can also aggravate arthritic conditions.

Because acid causing foods can aggravate arthritis, orange juice, tomatoes and eggplants may need to be restricted. In many cases I have found the problem more from the fact that these foods are often picked in an unripened state for commercial purposes. When taken in a fully ripened state they may not be at all harmful.

Dr. Vogel writes in Swiss Nature Doctor:

"To condemn the tomato in general because it is unwholesome in its unripened state is unfair. (This) unreasonable argument has been propagated by scientists whose experiments have been confined to research laboratories and whose procedures have been far removed from actuality ... In reality, ripe tomatoes are healthful and contain at least five different vitamins which are a necessity for our bodies." (p.231Ñ232)

If organic acid was a major contributor of arthritis foods such as the lemon or the highly effective and famous apple cider vinegar and honey would be contraindicated. Instead these foods are specifically valuable to the treatment of arthritis and seem to flush and neutralize toxins and acids in the body.

Another well known naturopathic treatment for arthritis is potato juice. Before breakfast drink half a glass of raw potato juice made fresh from grated potatoes. This should be sipped slowly in order to salivate before swallowing. Potato juice is highly alkaline and a very effective antidote for uric acid conditions such as arthritis and rheumatism. This is easily made by grating an organically grown potato, then squeezing the juice through a natural fiber cloth.

Specific for psoriatic arthritis but useful for all types as well is to eat one quarter to one half pound of grated carrots daily and drink one or two cups of fresh carrot juice. This supplies betaÑcarotene which is apparently outÑof-balance in the metabolism and is helpful for the liver. Kale juice in small amounts is sometimes used as well.

A very effective treatment for most is to being with a short three day fast consisting of only fresh organic apple or carrot juice. This consists of taking no less than one 8 ounce glass of organic apple juice hourly at room temperature. In this way, oneÕs blood sugar will remain stable and the fruit juice will contribute powerfully to the elimination of toxins. To assist the process, one may also take a small amount (from a quarter to a teaspoon according to tolerance) of cayenne pepper either straight up or in capsules three or more times daily to promote circulation. On the fourth day, one would break the fast with a strict vegetarian diet consisting of a raw vegetable salad, vegetable juice or broth, or the use of a small amount of brown rice or low salt miso soup.

For maintenance, a similar one day a week fast, choosing a regular day each week so the body will learn to accommodate itself to the regime for maximum detoxification, can be implemented.

For various reason, this approach may not be indicated for someone who is in a severely emaciated or deficient state however, for most it will work wonders and after even three or four days, many people find themselves pain free.

Another fast that is more moderate is the use of kicharee consisting of brown rice and mung beans cooked with a little organic rock or sea salt, turmeric, coriander and cumin seed and a little sesame oil. This is a traditional Indian food appropriate for balanced detoxification widely used in the Indian Ayurvedic tradition for all difficult diseases. Kicharee can be advantageously varied and supplemented with the addition of green leafy vegetables, carrots, onions or other vegetables. This food is completely life sustaining and for maximum benefit should be followed for a minimum of ten days.

A number of nutritional supplements have also proven to be of benefit for the treatment of arthritis. This would include a comprehensive vitamin- mineralÑtrace element regime, supplemental Vitamin C (500mg Ñ 4 gins) is suggested, as are the B vitamins, Vitamins A, D, and E, minerals such as calcium, magnesium, iodine, manganese, selenium and zinc, and sometimes amino acids. EPAÕs derived from cod liver or other fatty salt water fish is also very important because they are anti-inflammatory and promote circulation. More recently glucosamine sulfate, a synthetic supplement that was originally derived from the shells of crustaceans, for many has provided relief for arthritis sufferers. MSM SULFUR and the externally applied DMSO (Dimethylsulfoxide) has been used for the treatment of arthritis, gout, bronchitis, constipation and many other health problems for years. Because sulfur is necessary for the formation of connective tissue formation, it is particularly useful for joint inflammation, improving flexibility and circulation, reducing stiffness and swelling, reducing pain, reducing scar tissue and helping to break up calcium deposits.

External treatments are generally used to manage pain and to some extent to improve flexibility. Liniments, plasters, poultices and magnets are all variously effective in stimulating blood flow and reducing inflammation and pain in a specific area. Rubifacients like cayenne, ginger, cinnamon oil, eucalyptus, tea tree, menthol or prickly ash bark relieve pain by reducing congestion in a specific area. Antispasmodics such as St. Johnswort oil, lobelia tincture and/or comfrey root can be topically applied in an oil, alcoholic liniment or poultice. Cabbage leaf poultices alternated with clay packs on the affected area is also effective. Clay disperses and cabbage draws together so that their alternating actions produce an effect similar to that of a counterÑirritant. Club moss poultices left on overnight soothe and heal arthritic joints. Maria Treben recommends her famous Swedish bitters as a compress once daily for four hours (calendula ointment should be rubbed into the skin first to avoid drying and to add its own healing properties). As well she advises the patient to take six small doses of Swedish bitters daily with nettle tea. Dr. Shook suggests black berry glycerite applied to swollen joints three to four times daily. Black berry juice is a solvent of calcareous deposits, and the external treatment coupled with an internal dosage of one tablespoon blackberry vinegar in a large cupful of distilled water three or four times daily will ease arthritic pain and slowly dissolve the deposits.

A folk remedy that works is based on the use of formic acid found in stinging nettles and in the bite of bees and ants. Many people achieve extended relief by gently flogging themselves with the stem of stinging nettles. Providing one is not allergic, beeÕs confined in a small jar can be induced to sting a local area and is used to relieve pain of arthritis as well as pains associated with multiple sclerosis.

A number of herbs and formulas from around the world have been traditionally used for rheumatic and arthritic conditions. In general, these should be used based on the underlying constitution and humoural predisposition of the patient. Herbalists would incorporate the use of immune tonics for deficiency conditions, antispasmodics and nerviness to relieve associated muscular pain, cooling anti-inflammatories for severe inflammation aggravated by heat and warmth, warming circulatory tonics if the condition is more chronic with impaired joint circulation and diuretics to reduce swelling. These are used singly in formula according to the individual needs of the patient.

A Planetary herbal formula that I routinely prescribe and has been used successfully by thousands of people throughout the United states is Glucosamine-MSM Herbal consisting of both glucosamine and MSM together with specific Western, Ayurvedic and Chinese botanicals including Rehmannia glutinosa, Dioscorea villosa, Dipsacus, Eucommia, Boswellia gum extract, drynaria root calcium citrate and myrrh gum resin.

Another traditional Chinese Planetary formula used not only for the treatment of arthritis but also to promote greater joint mobility. It consists of the following: angelica pubescent, chaenomeles fruit, gambir, achryanthes root, ligusticum root, dipsacus root, angelica dang gui, Panax pseudoginseng, lyceum fruit, notopterygium root, ledebouriella root and angelica archangelica. It can be taken internally as either a tablet or tincture and the tincture can be rubbed on externally to provide topical relief as well.

The Chinese understanding of the treatment of arthritis is based on specific signs and symptoms described under the categories of Wind, Cold, and Dampness with more acute stages exhibiting inflammatory Heat characteristics.

The following chart, taken from The Web That Has No Weaver by Ted Kaptchuk, elucidates the signs of the commonly seen Chinese patterns relative to arthritis:

PATTERN	SIGNS	TONGUE	PULSE
Wind obstructing Meridians	sore, painful joints; pain changes locations; sometimes accompanied by fever; chills	white moss	floating
Cold obstructing Meridians	painful joints; fixed pain; movement aggravates pain; heat relieves pain; cold weather aggravates pain	white moss	tight
Dampness obstructing Meridians	joints are sore and feel heavy; discomfort; fixed pain; numb limbs; damp weather aggravates pain	greasy moss	Slippery
Wind, Cold & Dampness obstructing Meridians	various combinations of the above
Wind Heat obstructing Meridians	sore joints; difficult movement; fever; thirst	red body with yellow moss	floating and rapid
Damp Heat obstructing Meridians	fever; thirst; swollen& painful joints; or red eruptions on skin	red body with yellow moss	rapid and slippery

Some commonly used Chinese formulas are:

1. Caused by Wind, cold and Dampness

a. Severely painful

Prepared Aconite Decoction (Fu Zi Tang)

Aconitum carmichaelia praeparatae (Fu zi i.e. Prepared aconite) 6-9g
Pungent, sweet, very hot, toxic, Heart, spleen, kidney, 1. restores vital yang function, 2. relieves pain and coldness, 3. dispels water and dampness.
Atractylodes macrocephala (Bai zhu i.e. white atraclydes) 9-12g
Sweet, bitter, warm, spleen, stomach, 1. tonifies spleen and vital yang energy, 2. dispels dampness, checks profuse sweating and strengthens superficial resistance.
Panax ginseng (Ren Shen) 3-6g,
Sweet, slightly bitter, warm, lung, spleen, heart, 1. tonifies qi, promotes secretion of body fluids, tonifies spleen and lung, 4. sedative, cardiotonic and anti-fatigue
Poria cocos (Fu ling) 9-12gms,

white peony 6-12gms.
This is especially useful for wind- cold dampness with qi deficiency. The tongue will have a white coat and the pulse will be slow and thin.

b. Migratory

Cinnamon Twig, Paeonia and Anemarrhena Decoction (Gui Zhi Shao Yao Zhi Mu Tang)

Cinnamomum cassia (Gui zhi i.e. Cinnamon twig) 6-9g,
Pungent, sweet and warm, Heart, lung, bladder, 1. diaphoretic, warms the channels and collaterals, promotes circulation of yang qi in the chest, promotes blood circulation. For common cold, arthritic pain, angina, amenorrhea, edema.
Paeonia lactiflora (Bai shao i.e. white peony) 6-9g
Sour, bitter, slightly cold, liver and spleen, 1. balances the function of the liver and spleen, 2. nourishes blood and consolidates Yin (vital essence and fluids), 3. Soothes the liver and relieves pain. Hypertensive headaches, tinnitus, dizziness, menstrual disorders, night sweats, chest and abdominal pains, spasms of the calf muscles.
Anemarrhena asphodeloides (Zhi mu) 6-9g
Bitter, cold, lung, stomach and kidneys, 1. antiinflammatory, 2. clears deficient heat, 3. moistens the lung and replenishes vital essence, It is also good for low back pain.
Ephedra sinensis (Ma huang) 6-9g
Pungent, bitter, warm, lung, bladder, diaphoretic, anti-asthmatic, diuretic
ledebouriella seseloides (Fang feng i.e. siler) 6-9g
pungent, sweet, warm, lung, liver, spleen, bladder, 1. diaphoretic for wind and cold, 2. dispels wind and dampness, 3. antispasmodic, It is good for common cold and rheumatic pains.
Atractylodes macrocephela (white atractylodes) 6-9g
(see above)
Aconitum carmichaeli (Fu zi i.e. prepared aconite) 6-9g
(see above)
Glycyrrhiza glabra (Zhi gan cao i.e. baked licorice) 3-6g
(see above)
Zingiberis officinale (Sheng ziang i.e. fresh ginger) 3-5 pieces
Pungent, warm, lung, spleen, stomach, 1. diaphoretic for wind and cold, 2. antiemetic, expectorant

This formula is specifically indicated when inflammation is more of an issue with a yellow tongue coat and a slippery, rapid pulse.

c. Fixed pain

Decoction for Arthralgia (Juan Bi Tang)

Notopterygium incissum (Qiang huo) �?-9g
pungent, bitter and warm, kidney, bladder, 1. dispels wind, cold and dampness, 2. diaphoretic and anti-rheumatic. 3. analgesic, especially for pains in the upper part of the body.
Angelica Pubescens (Du huo) -- 6-9g
pungent, bitter, slightly warm, Kidney, bladder, 1. dispels wind and dampness, 2. relieves pain
Cinnamomum cassia twigs (Gui zhi) �?-9g
(see above)
Gentiana macrophylla (Qin jiao) 6-9g
Pungent, bitter, neutral, stomach, liver, gallbladder, 1. anti-rheumatic by eliminating wind and dampness, 2. eliminates heat and dampness.
Piperis kadsura (Hai feng teng i.e. pepper stem) �?0-30g
Pungent bitter, war , liver, 1. dispels wind and dampness, 2. Connects the circulation of the channels. Used for arthritis
Morus Alba twigs (Dang zhi) �?0-30g
bitter, neutral, liver, 1. anti-rheumatic, anti-spasmodic, diuretic. For rheumatic pains especially of the upper body, also for high blood pressure.
Angelica sinensis (Dang gui) �?-9g
Sweet, pungent, warm, liver, heart, spleen, 1. nourishes and invigorates blood, 2. demulcent laxative.
Ligusticum wallichii (Chuan xiong) –pungent, warm, liver, pericardium and gallbladder, 1. invigorates circulation of blood and energy, 2. relieves pain over the head and body caused by wind and cold factors.
Saussurea lappa (Mu xiang) �?-9g
pungent, bitter, warm, spleen, stomach, liver and gallbladder, 1. carminative, 2. relieves pain caused by heat and dampness.
Boswellia carteri (Ru xiang) �?-6g
pungent, bitter, warm, heart, liver, spleen, 1. analgesic, relieves pain by promoting blood circulation, 2. external trauma and wounds.
Glycyrrhiza glabra (Zhi gan cao, i.e. Baked licorice)
sweet, warm, Heart, lung, spleen, stomach, 1. invigorates vital energy, relieves pain, treats qi deficiency, ameliorates function of other herbs.

2. Caused by Heat

White Tiger Decoction plus Cinnamon Twig (Bai Hu Jia Gui Zhi Tang)

Cinnamomum cassia (Gui zhi i.e. Cinnamon twigs) 6-9g
(see above)
Gypsum (Shi gao i.e. Calcium sulphate) 20-30g
Pungent, sweet, very cold, lung, stomach, 1. clears heat from the Qi portion (exterior), 2. Clears heat from the lung, 3. sedates fire of the stomach and relieves thirst.
Anemarrhena asphodeloides (Zhi mu) 9-12g)
(see above)
Rice 15-30g
Nutritive)
Glycyrrhiza glabra (Zhi gan cao i.e. baked licorice) 3-6g.
(see above)

TWO EFFECTIVE INGREDIENTS (ER MIAO SAN)

Phellodendron (Huang bai) �?-9g
Bitter, cold, kidney, bladder, large intestine, 1. eliminates heat and dampness, 2. sedates fire and toxicity, 3. antibacterial, 4. reduces heat caused by Yin deficiency.
Atractylodes lancea (Cang zhu i.e. Black atractylodes) �?-12g
Pungent, bitter, warm, spleen, stomach, 1. tonifies spleen and dries and dispels dampness, 2. clears external attack of wind, cold and dampness. It is useful for rheumatic arthritis.

Actions: Eliminates heat and dampness, Tongue, yellow and greasy coat, Pulse: soft and rapid It is used to treat most inflammatory conditions from eczema, gonorrhea, tinea pedis as well as low back pain.
3. Chronic Arthralgia

Du Huo and Loranthes Combination (Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang)

Angelica pubescens (Du huo) 6-9g
(see above)
Gentiana macrophylla (Qin jiao) 6-9g
(see above)
ledebouriella seseloides (Fang feng i.e. siler) 3-6g
(see above)
Asarum heterotropoides (Xi xin i.e. wild ginger) 1-3g
Pungent, warm, lung, kidney, 1. diaphoretic, dispels superficial wind and cold, 2. analgesic, 3. warms the lung and resolves phlem. It is used for common common cold, interior coldness, chronic bronchitis and rheumatic pains.
Eucommia ulmoides (Du zhong) 3-6g
Sweet, warm, liver, kidney, 1. resplenishes function of liver and kidney, 2. strengthens the bones and muscles, 3. lowers blood pressure, 4. prevents miscarriage. It is especially good for lumbago, weakness of the lower extremities, etc.
Achryanthes bidentata (Huai niu xi) �?-6g
Bitter, sour, liver, kidney, 1. increases blood circulation, relieves pain, 2. nourishes the liver and kidney, strengthens the bones and sinews, 3. increases lower blood circulation and lowers liver fire.
Angelica sinensis (Dang gui) 3-6g
(see above)
Ligusticum wallichii (Chuan xiong) �?-6g
(see above)
Prepared Rehmannia glutinosa (Di huang) �?-9g
(see above)
Paeonia lactiflora (Bai shao yao) 3-6g
(see above)
Panax ginseng (Ren shen) �?-6g
(see above)
Poria cocos (Fu ling) �?-12g
((see above)
Glycyrrhiza glabra (Gan cao) �?-6g
(see above)

Food Therapy

Coix Congee
Functions: fortifies the spleen and eliminates dampness
Indications: Spleen and stomach deficiency, rheumatic arthritis, water swelling, warts, etc.
Ingredients: Semen coicis lachrymal-jobi *Yi yi ren) 50g, White sugar (Bai tang) a suitable amount.
Preparation: Cook the coix in a suitable amount of water to make a porridge, add sugar to taste and eat.
(From The Book of Jook by Bob Flaws, pub. by Blue Poppy Press)

Coix (i.e. jobÕs tears)
Sweet or not taste, slightly cold, spleen, stomach, lung, large intestine, 1. resolves dampness and regulates water metabolism, 2. eliminates inflammation, 3. tonifies spleen and arrests diarrhea, 4. relieves spasms and arthritic pains.
************************

Because so many herbs are effective for the treatment of arthritis we must for the sake of time and space confine our discussion to a few select remedies and formulas that I have found to be the most effective.

Guggul is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from the resin of a type of myrrh, (Commiphora mukul). It is specifically indicated for all circulatory problems including low thyroid, body stiffness, pain as well as arthritic and rheumatic conditions.

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) considered the greatest of all Ayurvedic herbs because of its board immune potentiating, energy rejuvenating, calming and anti-inflammatory properties. This makes its use important especially if the underlying cause is immune deficiency and weakness. Ashwagandha is also the primary ingredient in the famous topical Ayurvedic Narayana oil that is applied topically for arthritis as well as a wide number of other conditions.

Boswellia, like guggul, is derived from the resin of Boswellia serrata which is the source of frankincense or Indian olibanum. In its purified form, it is one of the most effective treatments for relieving arthritic and other pains. The resin contains essential oil, terpenoids and gum. The anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties is attributed to the presence of boswellic acid which, by inhibiting the enzyme that leads to the formation of inflammatory leukotriene. It also inhibits other inflammatory substances such as bradykinins, histamines, prostaglandins, thromboxanes, hydroxyfattery acids, lysosomal enzymes and lymphokines. Unlike aspirin or other NSAIDÕs Boswellia has absolutely no side effects. It can be relied upon as both internal treatment and external treatment n the form of an ointment for the five major inflammatory symptoms: heat, pain, swelling and impaired movement.

Desert Yucca (Yucca glauca) is a long established reputation amongst those living in Southwestern United States for the relief of arthritics. All parts of the plants were eaten cindluing the flower petals, seeds, seed pods, fruit, shoots, leaves and roots. They were either eaten raw, baked, boiled, made into flour or as an herbal tea first used by the Native Americans for the treatment of arthritic pain. The anti-inflammatory properties of yucca is based on the high concentration of steroid saponins compounds found in the plant. These saponins are also found in high concentration in the dust around the plant as a result of the disintegration of the leaves falling on the ground. The effect of these saponins is to alleviate the stress of desert heat by absorbing and retaining moisture in the soil. Thus this remarkable plant is able to assist its own growth as well as the growth of other plants and as discovered by the Native Americans, relieving inflammatory conditions and arthritis in animals and humans. In humans, plant saponins such as those found in yucca act as natural precursors for the formation of corticosteroids in the human body. Plant saponins are a glycoside with a steroid component, when mixed in water they form a soapy consistency which is the basis for the use of yucca as an external cleansing agent. Just as it is cleansing and detoxifying externally is it also cleansing and detoxifying internally. So that yucca tea is specifically useful for a wide number of diseases including gallstones, chronic intestinal diseases, high cholesterol and cancer. These precursor steroids found in yucca are able on a milder scale to achieve the same anti-inflammatory and anti-stress effects as natural adrenocorticosterone but in much smaller doses. This has the advantage of being a more favorable alternative synthetic cortisone therapy, well known for its adverse side effects and which is commonly prescribed for arthritic patients. The recommended dose is 2 to 8 Ô00Õ sized capsules or tablets taken in two doses daily.

DevilÕs Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) along with other herbs that treat arthritic conditions resulting from underlying metabolic disturbances can be broadly classified as antidyscratics. Dyscrasia refers to underlying humoural imbalances which in traditional medicine may be described metaphorically as humours but in modern medicine refers to underlying biochemical conditions that contribute to disease. In arthritis it is believed that arachidonic acid metabolism may be the cause for the formation of leukotrienes and prostaglandins that lead to arthritis. Further, the inhibition of lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase are also key in relieving joint inflammation and associated pain. DevilÕs claw as it is called in South Africa, its place of origin, contains iridoid glycosides that are believe to be capable of inhibiting lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase. DevilÕs claw is extremely bitter and is used both as a digestive stimulant and antirheumatic. Its main indication is arthrosis and spondylosis. However it is also useful for polyarthritis, neuralgia and headache. The recommended daily dose for rheumatic disease is approximately 4.5g. It can be taken as a tea or powder.

Turmeric (Curcumen Longa) is widely used as a condiment and coloring agent in Indian cuisine. It is also a powerful non steroidal anti-inflammatory and can be used for any condition that one might chose to use aspirin. In double blind controlled studies patients suffering from post-operative inflammation and all forms of arthritis showed positive anti-inflammatory response at least equal to the drug, penylbutazone. It is believed that curcumen diminishes the formation of those products causing arachidonic acid metabolism including prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Curcumen is similar to aspirin with the exception that it does not affect the synthesis of prostacyclin. Prostacyclin is largely responsible for the prevention of vascular thrombosis, making it an ideal alternative for patients who are prone to this condition. Finally, on a deeper level, curcumen has powerful antioxidant properties which, along with an improved diet will enhance to prospect of more lasting relief.

Eucommia Ulmoidis (Chinese, "Du zhong") is the bark of a tree growing in various provinces of China. It is rich in visible latex and is classified as sweet, slight acrid, warm, and entering the Kidney and the Liver. It is specifically used as a Kidney Yang tonic and as such strengthens the sinews and bones, relieving joint pains, lower back pain, fatigue, frequent urination and assists in the smooth flow of qi and blood throughout the body. It is also specifically useful for hypertension. Biochemically it contains gutta-percha which is similar to the South American rubber tree. The dose is 6-15 g divided in two doses daily.

Dipsacus Asperi (Teasel root) is called "Xu Duan" meaning "restore what is broken." It is bitter, acrid, slightly warm and also enter the kidney and liver and is a kidney yang tonic. It is specific from healing fractures, strengthens the sinews and bones, relieves sore and painful lower back and knee pain as well as other joint pains. Fried in vinegar it enhances its ability to promote blood circulation and alleviate pain. The dose is 6-21g divided in two doses daily.

Prepared Aconite (Aconitum carmichaeli praeparatua) also known as "Fu zi" which literally translates as "appendage" is the most powerful botanical metabolic stimulant. As such in its crude form it is the most powerful but also the most dangerous to use because of its high toxicity. The prepared aconite, while milder, is processed in many ways to reduce the toxicity of aconitine. It is classified as acrid, hot, toxic, entering the heart, kidney and spleen and restores the yang energy of the body. It is the most specific herb for relieving wind-damp-cold arthritic conditions, improving circulation, relieving pain of the sinews and bones. For arthritis it is commonly combined with cinnamon twigs to assist its warming and circulating properties. The dose is from 1.5-5g divided into two doses daily and must be boiled for 60 minutes to further reduce its toxicity.

Angelica Pubescens also known as "Du Huo" meaning "self reliant existence" is better, acrid and warm, enters the kidney and bladder and is used for arthritic conditions aggravated by wind and coldness. The dose is 3-9g divided into two doses daily. The use of this herb in TCM, broadens our understanding for the use of the western angelica archangelica for the arthritic conditions that are aggravated by wind, dampness and coldness.

Gentiana macrophylla also known as qin jiao is bitter, acrid, slightly cold and enters the gallbladder, liver and stomach. In contrast to angelica pubescens, this herb treats arthritis which is more hot and inflamed and is specifically aggravated by heat, wind and dampness. It likewise broadens our usage of European and North American gentians as antiinflammatories. The dose of 4.5-12g three times daily as an anti-inflammatory compared to a digestive is much higher.

Acanthopanax gracilistyli also known as "wu jia pi" is closely related to the more famous Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus) so much so that the later may be considered for its antiarthritic properties. The root bark of acanthopanax is used and it is classified as acrid, bitter, warm and entering the kidneys and liver. It relieves cold wind-dampness associated with arthritis, alleviating both inflammation and pain and promoting circulation. It reduces edema and swelling and strengthens the sinews and bones. It is particularly useful for the elderly. The dose is 4.5-15g taken in two doses daily.

Sassafras albidum consists of the root bark which is used medicinally. Being in the Lauracea family its properties and uses are similar to those of cinnamon, especially of cinnamon twigs (gui zhi) used in TCM for external wind cold conditions including the common cold, circulatory and arthritic problems. Sassafras bark made as a tea is widely esteemed among Ozark and Appalachian people as an effective treatment for arthritis. Felter describes the use of sassafras oil applied topically for relieving sprains, bruises and arthritic pain.

Sarsaparilla (Smilax medica or S. officinalis) is widely esteemed as an alterative for a wide range of acute and chronic conditions ranging from skin diseases such as psoriasis and eczema to arthritis. The standard western dose of an ounce of the root simmered in a pint of boiling water is used.

Dandelion (Taraxacum officinalis) is very effective for chronic rheumatic disease. It works by improving the function of the liver and kidneys. One to two teaspoonfuls of the herb is brought to a boil in a cup of cold water. It is allowed to steep for 10 minutes and then strained. Patients should take one or two cups of the tea morning and evening for several weeks.

Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) contains salicin, an aspirin-like chemical that has similar pain relieving properties but does not irritate the GI tract nor does it thin the blood. cooling antiinflammatory properties especially useful for relieving hot, swollen pains associated with arthritis. It contains flavonoids which are known to enhance the immune system, especially T-cell proliferation.

Black Cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) is a blood moving antispasmodic with specific value in the treatment of arthritis, fibromyalgia and muscular pains.

St Johnswort (Hypericum perforatum) has powerful antiinflammatory properties and is specifically indicated for nerve pain. For arthritis it can be taken internally or the oil applied topically.

Guiacum officinale also known as the Lignum vitae tree is anti-inflammatory, diuretic and alterative. It is specific for the treatment of all types of arthritis.

Willow species (Salix species) like meadowsweet and for that matter, rosemary and poplar bark as well all contain salicin which is antiinflammatory and analgesic for a wide range of conditions. Willow has similar pain relieving properties to aspirin and is widely prescribed for relieving arthritis.

Chaparral (Laurrea mexicana) has wide antiinflammatory properties. As such, among other indications, it is specifically useful both internally and topically for the treatment of arthritis.

There are many other antiarthritic herbs including alfalfa, couch grass, mistletoe, dandelion, European goldenrod, Oregon grape root, celery seed, turmeric, mistletoe, burdock root, prickly ash bark and pipsissewa. Some typical western herbal formulas for arthritis are:

Oregon grape root 6 parts
Pipsissewa 6
Sassafras 3
Prickly ash bark 3
Black cohosh 3
Guaiacum 3
Ginger root 2

or:

alfalfa seed and leaf
sarsaparilla
celery seed
licorice
burdock root
kelp
chaparral
cayenne
gravel root

Planetary Formulas used for Arthritis

Flex-Ability (Shu jin san) –angelica pubescens, chaenomeles, gambir, achryanthes, ligusticum, teasel root, angelica root, tienchi ginseng, lycii fruit, notopterygium, ledebouriella, dang gui. –Used both for the treatment of arthritis as well as to increase body flexibility.
Lower Back Support –Loranthes, achryanthes, Eucommia, angelica pubescens, prepared Rehmannia, discorea, alisma, poria, psoralea, paeonia suffructicosa, conus fruit. –Effective for lower back pain and other chronic arthritic condition.
Neck and Shoulders Support –Kuzu root, Notopterygium, ligusticum, turmeric, dang gui, white peony, kava kava, astragalus, cinnamon twig, millettiae steam and clematis root and stem.
Glucosamine-MSM Herbal –Glusamine sulfate, MSM, Rehmannia, wild yam, Teasel root, Eucommia bark, Boswellia, drynaria, calcium citrate and myrrh gum.
Willow Aid –Willow bark extract, corydalis, dang gui, valerian, guggul, Boswellia

Important Announcement The MSN Groups service will close in February 2009. You can move your group to Multiply, MSN’s partner for online groups. Learn More
Chambers of Shrinking Witches	[email protected]