Really?

 I don't think so.

 I believe my position has always been that they are at least as Constitutional as the fedceral reserve note.

 You took the position that the Congress can and can't hire someone to do the job of coining money and you admit that the Constitution only bars States from making any money not gold and silver, and you admit we Americans have a right to barter.

 But where you seem to be so confused is in the fact that there's no tax on barter.

 The only way there could be is if the value can be stated in FRN's and since most of the people I trade with would rather be poked in the eye with a sharp stick than use an FRN, those barters, those trades, those agreements between two Americans are not taxable.

 Then you come back with some sorry crap about me going to prison which proves to me that you are a clueless half-wit .

 

But they're NOT. You've been touting these things as legal, and calling me stupid in every other post, but you haven't legitmately backed up your argument yet. If NORFED is nto authorized by the Constitution to print money, then their "money" is not legal - which you have been claiming all this time. Now you're trying to use circular logic to back off from your arguments all along. Spinning and calling me names doesn't make you look either smart or right, Tilde.

 

Dollar has fallen, when is gold-Dinar coming

Dzikrullah W Pramudya 19-Dec-06 THE veteran Samurai of capitalism has acknowledged his sword is no longer sharp enough to rule the world. Last week, former US Federal Reserve chairman Alan Greenspan said he expected the dollar to stay weak for the next few years and will continue to drift down, weighed by the US balance of payments deficit. ``I expect that the dollar will continue to drift downwards until there will be a change in the US balance of payments,`` Greenspan told a business conference via video-link from the United States to Israel. He said markets were so sophisticated it was very difficult to forecast the short term direction of the dollar. He also noticed that Opec nations were switching their reserves out of dollars and into euro and yen. ``It is imprudent to hold everything in one currency,`` he said, adding that at some point the dollar will be moving lower. What Greenspan failed to acknowledge was, in fact, that for such a long time it had been an imprudent act to hold anything in any conventional currency, any fiat money - which is the paper money that is made legal and valued by the law. Dollar, Euro, Franc, Mark, Poundsterling, Rupee, Ringgit, Peso, Rupiah, Bath - none are backed by a real value. Fiat money has no intrinsic value, as opposed to commodity money such as gold-Dinar. If tomorrow, for any reason, the US government declares its intention to devaluate US$100 notes into US$10, then billions of people would not be able to do anything but submit and accept the `reality' that in the next 24 hours they would be much poorer. No such threat with regard to gold-Dinar. Even if all governments under the sun declare that gold is valueless, not many people would even blink. Gold is gold, and people will always appreciate it as something highly precious. The value of a 22-carrat gold-Dinar coin during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) more than 1400 years ago was exactly the same with its value today. Burn a piece of gold or melt it, its value would remain. Try to burn a bagful of US$ banknotes and use the charred remnants to buy a plate of rice. A burnt piece of fiat money is useless. Worse, you do not even need to burn fiat money to render it useless. All you need to do is save it in a bank and never touch it; after several years, the value of your money would certainly drop. In fact, the dollar value has kept sliding downwards against gold since 1970s up until today. Many people think that it is the nature of money, and that inflation is to blame. But pressure groups in the US such as Fame (Foundation of the Advancement of Monetary Education) or Gata(Gold Anti-Trust Action Committee) have different thoughts. They are speaking out against the fiat money-based monetary system. ``Because of material misrepresentations and nondisclosure regarding our fiat dollar, it is prima facie fraudulent,`` stated Lawrence Parks, Executive Director of Fame. Both organisations have long pursued a Congressional reform in monetary system. According to the Fame fact sheet, the Congress has improperly delegated to the US banking system a power that the Congress does not have under the US Constitution: the power to create legal-tender-irredeemable-paperticket/electronic-fiat-token money out of nothing. Since 1946, on a base of about US$150 billion, the U.S. banking system has created US$9.4 trillions up to 2005. About US$ 700 billion was created by the Federal Reserve, and the balance, about US$8.7 trillion, was created by private companies, banks. ``Why should private companies be empowered to create money?`` asked Parks. We will let the Americans respond to the confusion that has influenced the world economy through their fiat money system. This article will focus on a solution, namely the commodity money. In this case, the gold-Dinar currency, is a solution. Many people in Southeast Asia region would usually see the gold-Dinar issue as political, launched in 2003 by then-Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohammad. In fact, Mahathir had been responding to the issue a long time after it was first raised by many Muslims. Mahathir stated that Malaysia would take the initiative to overhaul the international financial system, by establishing gold-Dinar as an alternative currency. He criticised the current financial system as one that that was ``skewed toward rich countries and speculators``. He also stated that Malaysia would exert efforts to use the gold-Dinar for its trade with Iran for starter. If the initiative proved to be successful, Malaysia would extend it to cover 32 countries having bilateral payment arrangements (BPA) with Malaysia. Now, the dollar has fallen. Why hasn't the gold-Dinar emerged yet, the way Mahathir and many other people have wished? An answer came from Jakarta-based Dinar Club President, Muhaimin Iqbal, who is also CEO of the oldest insurance company in Indonesia. Iqbal said it would be very difficult for gold-Dinar to establish itself as an alternative currency jlwithout the support from sharia or Islamic banking. He said, ``The only institution that can facilitate modern payment, transfer of the Dinar etc. is the sharia bank.`` He pointed out how opening a gold-Dinar account would benefit the sharia bank as it protects people who save their gold-Dinar from interest (usury, riba). The important element that is still missing, said Iqbal, is the niyat or the political will of the sharia banking and the governments. Iqbal specifically suggested that the wisest investment step for Bruneians, following the fall of the dollar (which will continue to fall, according to Greenspan's prediction), would be to keep their wealth in gold-Dinar. An alternative for the Dinar currency, Iqbal said, would be to have the Pure Gold Bullion. Iqbal said, however, that the gold-Dinar is not even the ultimate aim of an economic system. Wealthy people, especially if they are Muslim, should not let their wealth sit idle in the banks for a long time. It would still be better to invest in the real sector, or distribute it as infaq or sadaqa in the path of Allah as this would be the best investment indeed. In the name of justice, Islam has forbidden the circulation of wealth only amongst the wealthy. This would be the best solution, indeed, for a world beset by chaotic financial systems. The writer is managing editor of ISLAMIA journal for Islamic thought and civilisation, published in Jakarta

 

Money as a question of law.Only in the light of these preliminary considerations is it possible to give a scientific definition of money, filling a conceptual void which can no longer be tolerated. Money has value because it measures value. Every unit of measure is determined by the corresponding quality of what it measures. If the metre is characterized by the quality of length because it measures length, money necessarily has the quality of value because it measures value. In this particular instance, conventional activity produces not only the measure of value, but also the "value of the measure" i.e. what we call "purchasing power".

In the case of money, we observe a phenomenon which is similar to that of physical induction. In an electrical dynamo, mechanical energy produces electrical energy. Similarily for money, convention causes the induced value in the symbol. In the case of a dynamo, an increase in the rotational speed of the generating components causes an increase in the quantity of electric energy. Likewise in the case of money, an increase in the velocity of circulation causes an increase in the induced value, i.e. in the purchasing power.

Money is, therefore, a collective good, because it is created by a social convention, but it is also an item of individual private property, because with respect the original title of ownership, it is attributed to the bearer of the symbol by "legal induction".

The obstacle which has invariably confounded economists has arisen from the initial error of not defining money as a question of law and the law itself as an instrument and a good in itself, that is, an expression of value in itself, separate from the value of the good which is an object of the law. On the basis of this initial misunderstanding, it has been attempted to explain monetary value with reference to gold reserves, producing confusion and incorrectly substituting the "credit value" for the "induced value", i.e. considering money, not as a measure of value and consequently the value of the measure (which it is), but as an instrument of credit representing the reserve. Money is not credit but by legal induction it is a real good, an asset, and as such can also be an object of credit.

After all, if it were true that the reserve could give money its purchasing power, then the dollar should have lost its value completely after the end of the Bretton Woods agreement and the abolition of the golden reserve. But the dollar has not lost its value and has even taken the place of gold as the basic monetary unit of the global monetary system.

The argument which tries to justify the monetary value in terms of the reserve, is seriously flawed because it is based on a materialistic concept of value. Value, as we have explained above, can never be considered as a property of the material, but as a temporal relationship because it always consists of a forecast or anticipation. If a pen has value because we anticipate writing, money too has value because we anticipate purchasing. Usually the value of gold is considered as a characteristic of the metal and consequently has given rise to the erroneous concept of its "intrinsic value". But like everything else, gold has value because it has been agreed that it shall have it. Since the metal has been traditionally regarded as a monetary symbol, an induced value has been attributed to it by custom.

Since convention is a legal matter and every unit of measure is established by convention, the raw material to create money is the same material used to define all other legal matters, i.e.: "space and time": in this context, the spatial dimension is the material with which the monetary symbol appears and the temporal dimension is the anticipation of the possibility to purchase.

Consequently the formal element of the "legal matter" in the case of money can be gold or any other symbol which involves negligible cost, like paper and ink. Nussbaum has shown that the value of goods which represent the monetary symbol is irrelevant, (Arthur Nussbaum, Storia del dollaro, Milano, 1957, p.8). Analyzing the monetary history of the American Colonies, he shows that when goods were accepted as money, two phenomena were observed: their value appreciated and goods of inferior quality became as valuable as goods of superior quality. This was observed, for example, in the case of beaver furs.

Therefore, taking on an induced value, goods as a monetary symbol played the role of a mere formal element of a legal matter. In order to explain the validity of this thesis, we may consider that it makes no difference to us whether we have got old or brand-new banknotes in our pockets. This proves also that gold is also nothing more than a legal matter and its so-called "intrinsic value" is really the "induced value".

The definitive proof of this is that if I buy a pound of gold, paying two hundred thousand lire, I give in exchange for the golden symbol two pieces of paper whose commodity value is a minute fraction of the value of the gold which I have purchased.

By defining the value of money as a legal value, it is as if we had made the discovery of a goldmine which can be exploited without cost.

"To say that a state cannot pursue its aims because there is no money, is like saying that an engineer cannot build roads because there are no kilometres." Ezra Pound was right !

---

Credit value and monetary value: distinguishing characteristics

It is now time to clear up the misunderstanding caused by erroneously equating monetary value with credit value. In order to understand the great difference between money and credit, it is sufficient to consider the following points:

1. Credit is extinguished by a payment; money continues to circulate after every transaction because it is an item of continuous utility like every unit of measure.
2. Credit value is exposed to the risk of non-fulfilment; the monetary value is real and certain because, due to legal induction, money is a real good and moreover an item of continuous utility.
3. In the case of credit, the normative precept is required first and is followed by its manifestation. In the case of money, the formal manifestation of monetary symbols is first created and these symbols are then given value during the act of issue. The one who gives money its value is not the one who issues it but the one who accepts it. In the case of physical induction, electric energy is generated by the rotation of the dynamo's components. Similarily, in the case of legal induction, monetary value is created during the act of issue, that is to say at the dynamic moment when it enters circulation among the members of the community who give it conventional value by accepting it. The issue of symbols in the form of legal tender is an act of "heteronomy"; the acceptance of money, which conventionally determines the value, is an act of "autonomy". To say that the value of money is not created by the one who accepts it, but by the one who issues the symbols, is like saying that electrical energy is created not by the person who causes the dynamo to rotate, but by the person who manufactures it. The usurocratic hegemony of the banking system is based on this misunderstanding.
4. Credit value is caused by the promise of the debtor, as in the case of a bill of exchange where the issuer is the debtor. Monetary value is caused by the acceptance of the first person to accept it. Nowadays, money is issued as if it were a spurious bill of exchange, because the governor of the central bank, signing as if he was the debtor, makes the people believe incorrectly that he is the one who creates monetary value.
5. The theories, which claim to explain money as an instrument of credit representing the available goods on the market, are also incorrect in their attempts to give money a unilateral purchasing power (in this connection, we recall Nixon's statement at Camp David on 15 August 1971 which abolished the dollar's convertibility in gold and revoked the Bretton Woods agreement). Like every other unit of measure, money has only got utility if there are objects to measure. If there were no objects to measure in length, a metre would be as useless as money would be if there were no objects whose value could be measured. But this does not mean that a unit of measure represents the measured objects.

   The definitive proof of the insufficiency of this thesis is that, while the bearer of a certificate of credit can ask for the object of credit by presenting the document, the bearer of money can only propose the purchase of goods to the owner (or accept the owner's proposal), offering money as a real good and object of exchange. Futhermore, as we have shown above a "title of credit" is extinguished by the payment whereas money continues to circulate after every transaction because like every unit of measure it is an item of continuous utility.

6. We may conclude that induced value differs from credit value because of the different legal circumstances. Credit arises from the relationship (whether negotiable or not) between creditor and debtor, whereas induced value is caused exclusively by the convention which binds the national community in acceptance of their money. This is also explains why monetary units are characterized by nationality.

---

The great usury

After proving that money is simultaneously a measure of value and the value of the measure, it is unquestionably true that the monetary mass constitutes a mirror-like duplicate of the value of real goods, measured or measurable in terms of their value. This duplicate value can have the positive sign of an asset (and in this case, it doubles the people's wealth) or the negative sign of a debt (in which case it creates a desperate and agonising situation because of inevitable insolvency).

When money was made from gold the bearer was also the owner. Since the advent of "nominal money" he has, without realising it, become a debtor. All "nominal money" is issued by the banks in the form of loans. Thus, all money in circulation is burdened with debt to the central banks. Therefore if someone wants to pay off a debt of money with money, it would be the same as paying a debt with another debt. IT CANNOT BE DONE. In the long run, he is forced to pay with his own capital and with the produce of his labour.

With the discovery of induced value as a legal value, it not only proven that money must be considered as the property of the national community but also that currently the central bank, by loaning out what is in fact due, imposes a cost of 200% on money at the act of issue: the initial 100% because it expropriates the community of the induced value (only an owner can lend money), and a further 100% by forcing the national community into debt to the same extent.

Furthermore, it is also evident that banks and other credit institutes "create" money in a surreptitious way. Applying the principle of so-called credit multiplication, they lend money in an increased proportion to the sums which have been deposited with them. For example, they lend 100% with a 20% monetary liquidity reserve. All this can be done because a great part of the lent money is deposited in a bank again, so that a reserve of 20% is usually sufficient to satisfy a request for money. Hence, it is evident that a bank can lend money which it does not have to an amount of 80% of the loan. Consequently, this difference of 80% is in fact induced value (not credit value) which should be represented by legal tender paper money not by instruments of credit. Properly considered, its ownership should be attributed to the community (not to the banks), who could then deposit it in a bank, as creditors and not as debtors.

This principle of credit multiplication expropriates the people and causes debts to the extent of the induced value as explained above, thus results in "debt multiplication" which was a consequence and a corollary of the scheme developed by Paterson in 1694 for the Bank of England, founded with the aim of making loans using the "notes of the bank" (i.e. bills of exchange) in place of money (gold). These bank-notes were "nominal money" and also "debt-money".

As a result of these practices, the people of the world have been dispossessed of their own money, forced into debt without receiving anything in return.

Only in the light of the preceding considerations does it become possible to formulate a correct interpretation of the modern age

 

How to Return to Gold

Henry Hazlitt

http://www.house.gov/paul/tst/tst2007/tst040907.htm

The Federal Reserve Monopoly over Money

April 9,  2007 

Recently I had the opportunity to question Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke when he appeared before the congressional Joint Economic committee.  The topic that morning was the state of the American economy, and many of my colleagues raised questions about how the Fed might better "regulate" things to ease fears of an economic downturn.  The tenor of my colleagues' questions suggested that Mr. Bernanke's job is nothing less than to run the U.S. economy, like some kind of Soviet central planner.<O:P> </O:P>

Certainly it’s true that Mr. Bernanke can drastically affect the economy at the drop of a hat, simply by making decisions about the money supply and interest rates.  But why do members of Congress assume this is good?  Why do we accept without objection that a small group of people on the Federal Reserve Board wields so much power over our economic well-being?  Is centralized, monopoly control over our money even compatible with a supposedly free-market economy?<O:P> </O:P>

Few Americans give much thought to the Federal Reserve System or monetary policy in general.  But even as they strive to earn a living, and hopefully save or invest for the future, Congress and the Federal Reserve Bank are working insidiously against them.  Day by day, every dollar you have is being devalued. <O:P></O:P>

The greatest threat facing America today is not terrorism, or foreign economic competition, or illegal immigration.  The greatest threat facing America today is the disastrous fiscal policies of our own government, marked by shameless deficit spending and Federal Reserve currency devaluation.  It is this one-two punch-- Congress spending more than it can tax or borrow, and the Fed printing money to make up the difference-- that threatens to impoverish us by further destroying the value of our dollars. <O:P></O:P>

The Fed’s inflationary policies hurt older people the most.  Older people generally rely on fixed incomes from pensions and Social Security, along with their savings.  Inflation destroys the buying power of their fixed incomes, while low interest rates reduce any income from savings.  So while Fed policies encourage younger people to overborrow because interest rates are so low, they also punish thrifty older people who saved for retirement.<O:P> </O:P>

The financial press sometimes criticizes Federal Reserve policy, but the validity of the fiat system itself is never challenged.  Both political parties want the Fed to print more money, either to support social spending or military adventurism.  Politicians want the printing presses to run faster and create more credit, so that the economy will be healed like magic- or so they believe.

Fiat dollars allow us to live beyond our means, but only for so long.  History shows that when the destruction of monetary value becomes rampant, nearly everyone suffers and the economic and political structure becomes unstable. Spendthrift politicians may love a system that generates more and more money for their special interest projects, but the rest of us have good reason to be concerned about our monetary system and the future value of our dollars.

From: http://www.usmint.gov/consumer/index.cfm?flash=yes&action=HotItems

NORFED’s "Liberty Dollars"

The National Organization for the Repeal of the Federal Reserve Act and the Internal Revenue Code (NORFED) is producing and marketing gold and silver medallions that NORFED calls "Liberty Dollars." The United States Mint and the United States Department of Justice have received inquiries regarding the legality of these so-called "Liberty Dollar" medallions. The United States Mint urges consumers who are considering the purchase or use of these items to be aware that they are not genuine United States Mint bullion coins and they are not legal tender. These medallions are privately produced products and are not backed by, nor affiliated in any way with, the United States Government. Moreover, prosecutors with the Department of Justice have determined that the use of these gold and silver NORFED "Liberty Dollar" medallions as circulating money is a Federal crime.

Consumers may find advertisements for these medallions confusing and should take note of several issues related to them.

First, the advertisements refer to the product as "real money" and "currency." These medallions might look like real money because they�?

• Bear the inscriptions, "Liberty," "Dollars," "Trust in God" (similar to "In God We Trust"), and "USA" (similar to "United States of America"), and an inscription purporting to denote the year of production; and
   
  
• Depict images that are similar to United States coins, such as the torch on the reverses of the current dime coin, 1986 Statute of Liberty commemorative silver dollar and 1993 Bill of Rights commemorative half-dollar, and the Liberty Head designs on the obverses of United States gold coins from the mid-1800s to the early 1900s.

However, despite their misleading appearance, NORFED "Liberty Dollar" medallions are not genuine United States Mint coins and they are not legal tender.

Second, the advertisements confusingly refer to NORFED "Liberty Dollar" medallions as "legal" and "constitutional." However, under the Constitution ( Article I, section 8, clause 5 ), Congress has the exclusive power to coin money of the United States and to regulate its value. By statute ( 31 U.S.C. § 5112(a) ), Congress specifies the coins that the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to mint and issue and requires the Secretary to carry out these duties at the United States Mint (31 U.S.C. § 5131). Accordingly, the United States Mint is the only entity in the United States with the lawful authority to mint and issue legal tender United States coins.

Under 18 U.S.C. § 486, it is a Federal crime to utter or pass, or attempt to utter or pass, any coins of gold or silver intended for use as current money except as authorized by law. According to the NORFED website, "Liberty merchants" are encouraged to accept NORFED "Liberty Dollar" medallions and offer them as change in sales transactions of merchandise or services. Further, NORFED tells "Liberty associates" that they can earn money by obtaining NORFED "Liberty Dollar" medallions at a discount and then can "spend [them] into circulation." Therefore, NORFED’s "Liberty Dollar" medallions are specifically intended to be used as current money in order to limit reliance on, and to compete with the circulating coinage of the United States. Consequently, prosecutors with the United States Department of Justice have concluded that the use of NORFED’s "Liberty Dollar" medallions violates 18 U.S.C. § 486.

Friday, November 16, 2007: Make no mistake, the FBI and Secret Service raid on he Liberty Dollar at 8:00 AM on Wednesday, was a direct assault against the US Constitution and your right to own and use gold and silver in any way you chose.

I personally spoke to FBI agent Andrew Romagnuolo shortly after he and his gang invaded the peaceful home of the Liberty Dollar. He told me that the raid was related to the US Mint's warning and the beginning of a criminal investigation. This is the first battle of a long war that I intend to win!

But I see my arrest and trial as a golden opportunity to win and return our great country to a value based currency. I sincerely believe that the right creative marketer could orchestrate an effective counter attack and win big. I believe the Liberty Dollar will win and become one of the great institutions in America. I have devoted the past ten year to the Liberty Dollar and am willing to risk a few years in federal prison to vindicate it. Winning is certainly possible, even probable with your help.

Second: If you are owed an order and want to get your money back or have paper certificates or digital Liberty Dollars, I urge you to demand redemption or the return of your money by joining the Class Action Lawsuit. Your participation is absolutely critical. If you don't join the CAL you will not get your money back. Please click HERE to sign up for the Class Action Lawsuit. If that link does not work, the URL is:

http://www.libertydollar.org/classaction/index.php

 

So if you have an existing order, want to redeem your paper Certificates or digital Liberty Dollars, please join the fight to defend our right to own and use gold as you so chose and sign up for the Class Action Lawsuit. This is the
only way you will get your stolen property back.

I regret to inform you that the Liberty Dollar office is now closed. The government boys took everything except for the desks and chairs. We have no stock, no records, no money. I can't even change the phone message because they took the phone manuals. Nor can I answer the thousands of email and calls from a national organization that now numbers into the hundreds of thousands. I am the last man standing. I need your help.

Government requires participation. The problems we have today are because our parents did not participate. Please keep using the Liberty Dollar. Keep the ideals and benefits of real money alive. Gold and silver is going to be very rewarding as the US dollar disintegrates. Please join the Class Action Lawsuit and give something to the Legal Defense Fund when it is established.

Please make your check or money order out to me as there is no other bank account and mail it to:

Liberty Dollar,

225 N. Stockwell Road,

Evansville, Indiana 47715

Thank you, thank you, thank you for your offer of help, prayers and support.

The Liberty Dollar and our great country sincerely needs your support.

Bernard von NotHaus
Monetary Architect

Go Here to Be Added to E-mail List

Alert Send on Nov 15 2007

Seizure Warrant (Click to View PDF)Agent Information (Click to View PDF)

As if our resources are better spent elsewhere.

 

Shame.

Joel

I watched him on Glen Beck (you made me watch Glen Beck I will get even) I don't know, it looks like to me that he is coining money which the Constitution gives that duty to the Federal Gov. I don't see how you get around that.

Bob

BadBobTx,

 

Let me see if I can set you on the proper path here.  hehehe.

 

The People DEMANDED that the federal government coin only gold and silver coins.  It is so stated in the U.S. Constitution, and the Coinage Act of 1791 confirms what the Founders were ordered to do.....and so it was done.

 

Now place yourself in the position of a manager of a Service Department in a major dealership.  You instruct your employees to perform a certain job, and to do it in a specified manner and fashion.   When your employees fail to perform the job to the standards you established; you have both the right and the power to either fire your employees and replace them with people who will do the job properly -- or you could take over the operation and perform the services yourself.

 

The Federal Government works for us.  We manage the operation.......they work for us.  When the Federal Government fails to perform its assigned duties, we have the power and the right to take over those assigned duties whenever we feel it necessary to do so.  

 

Using your analogy, the employees who work for you in YOUR service department, can tell you to take a flying leap when you decide to take over the operations.  Not only that, but they can have you arrested, jailed, and fined for attempting to do the job you assigned to them.

 

Which is it?   Which method would you choose to work under?

 

Bernard Von Nothaus decided to take over some of those duties that the Federal Government has failed to properly perform.   He relieved his employees of their duties, simply because they failed to perform to the written and established standards set by the U.S. Constitution........and he had every right to do so........becuase the Federal Government works for us.  

 

As managers, we have the right to hire and fire........or to perform any duties which our employees (elected officials) fail to perform.........and so it was.

 

What has Bernard Von Nothaus done that could be considered as being illegal, or unconstitutional? 

 

He coined his money exactly according to the U.S. Constitution and the Coinage Act.   He used .999 % pure gold and silver.  He had the purity and weights of his coins certified by a government certified, independent lab.  More importantly, every paper note issued by NORFED was backed by REAL GOLD and REAL SILVER.......making his coins inflation proof.

 

The Federal Government has failed in nearly all of its assigned duties.  It is time  we fire the bastards and do the work ourselves......starting with our money and our border security.

 

Joel