Psychology: As a science, psychology is the study of human and animal behavior and mental processes. Philosophically, psychology is the division of metaphysics that explores the soul and the mind. According to the American Psychological Association, at the present time there are fifty two sub-fields under the umbrella of psychology.

History - Two major figures contributing to the development of psychology were none other than Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung.

• Freud pioneered psychoanalysis and psychotherapy at the turn of the 20th century. By observing his patients, he developed his controversial theory of childhood sexuality. Freud was responsible for developing the practice of free association and terms such as defense mechanisms, libido, id, ego, superego are attributed to him. He also recognized the importance of dreams.
• Jung was a great mind and mystic. He was once a close colleague of Freud's until a falling out do to a difference in opinion. Jung believed that along with Freud's "personal unconscious", there existed the "collective unconscious" that was shared by all humans. Rather than the complexes of the personal, the collective is characterized by "archetypes" or "instinctual patterns of behavior and perception" which can be traced in dream and myths. Together, all the archetypes of a person is called the "self". Rather than the sexual theories presented by Freud, Jung believed that the unconscious was driven to wholeness, balance and the attainment of the self through what he called the "process of individuation" - a sort of metamorphosis of the soul. He developed the theory of the ego comprised of the persona and the shadow.