Garlic
allium sativum

Liliaceae
Lily family

Clove garlic
Da suan (Chinese name)
Rashona (Sanskrit name)
Tricolor garlic
Stink weed

Parts Usually Used
Bulb

Warning
Pregnant women should use
in small amounts as garlic
is a mild emmenagogue
(encourages menstrual flow);
therapeutic doses during
pregnancy and lactation can
cause indigestion problems
such as heart-burn, and nursing
babies may dislike the
taste of breast milk.

Essential oil
extracted from the bulbs
is extremely concentrated
and can be irritating.

Eating 10 or more
raw garlic cloves per day
can be toxic and in some
cases can trigger
an allergic reaction.

Good for all diseases, infections, fungus,
earache, some cancers, and bacteria.

Taken internally it will destroy worms
(used as an enema or made into a paste
with olive oil inserted into the rectum),
and used externally, blended with a
little sesame or olive oil,
it will rid the skin of parasites.

However, its strong odor may repel
humans as well as parasites.
Doesn't do much for halitosis though,
unless the odorless tablets are used.

Externally, helps old sores,
bruises, falling hair, wounds.

Garlic's strong aromatic compounds
are excreted via the lungs and the skin;
eating fresh parsley may eliminate
odor on the breath.

According to one reference,
by eating baked beet-root
the offensive smell
is entirely taken away.

It is an effective antibiotic for;
staphylococcus, streptococcus
and salmonella bacteria and it is
effective against bacteria that are
resistant to standard antibiotic drugs.

Culinary

Nutrient Content
Calcium
copper
germanium
iron
magnesium
manganese
phosphorus
potassium
zinc

Vitamins
A, B1, B2, and C

Strong flavored in its raw state,
garlic takes on milder tone
in cooking and enhances the
flavor of other ingredients.

Garlic is used in;
soups
sauces
stews
marinades

virtually every type of recipe
you can imagine.

Easy to grow and store fresh,
this common herb is a delight
in herbed butters.

~*~

Stir-frying the cloves of garlic
for a few minutes will help eliminate
the garlic breath and aftertaste.
2 or 3 cooked cloves daily will
reap maximum benefits.

Formulas or Dosages

Gather bulbs in the fall.

Juice
take 1/2 teaspoon of the juice
pressed from the bulb,
thinned with water,
2-3 times per day.

~*~

Cold extract
let several cloves of garlic stand
in 1/2 cup water for 6-8 hours.

~*~

Garlic Cloves
for coughs, take grated
garlic mixed with honey.

~*~

Tincture
let 1/2 lb. peeled cloves soak
in 1 quart brandy for 14 days
at a temperature of  85 degrees F.
in a bottle with an airtight seal.

Shake several times a day.

Strain when the time is up to get
a tincture which will keep
for about a year.
Take 5-25 drops,
several times a day,
as needed.

~*~

How Sold
Odorless tablets
Garlic powder
Garlic salt
Fresh in the grocery

 

Marshmallow Plant

      Marshmallow:  Botanical name: Althea officinalis.  The marshmallow plant thrives in wet areas and grows primarily in marshes. Originally from Europe, it now grows in the United States as well. The root and leaves are used medicinally.

Marshmallow has been used in connection with asthma, the common cold/sore throat, cough, Crohn’s disease, diarrhea, gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), indigestion, abnormal pap smear, peptic ulcer, and ulcerative colitis.

Marshmallow (not to be confused with confectionery marshmallows) has long been used by herbalists to treat coughs and sore throats.  Due to its high mucilage content, this plant is soothing to inflamed mucous membranes. Marshmallow is also used by herbalists to soothe chapped skin, chilblains (sores caused by exposure to cold), and minor wounds.

Active constituents: Mucilage, made up of large carbohydrate (sugar) molecules, is though to be the active constituent in marshmallow. This smooth, slippery substance is believed to soothe and protect irritated mucous membranes. Marshmallow has primarily been used as a traditional herbal soothing agent for conditions of the respiratory and digestive tracts.

Suggested intake: 1 1/4 teaspoon (6 grams) of the root per day. Marshmallow can be made into a hot or cold water tea. Often 2�? teaspoons (10�?5 grams) of the root and/or leaves are used per cup (250 ml) of water. Generally, a full day’s amount is steeped overnight when making a cold water tea, 6�? teaspoons (30�?5 grams) per three cups (750 ml) of water, or for fifteen to twenty minutes in hot water. Drink three to five cups (750�?250 ml) a day. Since the plant is so gooey, it does not combine well with other plants. Nevertheless, it can be found in some herbal cough syrups. Herbal extracts in capsules and tablets providing 5�? grams of marshmallow per day can also be used, or it may be taken as a tincture�?�? teaspoons (5�?5 ml) three times daily.

Marshmallow is generally safe with only rare allergic reactions reported.  At the time of writing, there were no well-known drug interactions with marshmallow.

White Willow

      White Willow:   Weeping Willow is the graceful tree that provides nature's aspirin. In fact, pharmaceutical aspirin was originally created from a chemical very similar to one found in white willow bark.  Today there are more reasons than ever to use this herb. Medical research shows that this chemical in white willow (called salicin) not only reduces fever and relieves pain and inflammation but also may help prevent heart attack, stroke, digestive tract cancers and migraine headaches.

Chinese physicians have used willow to relieve pain since ancient times. During the mid-1700s, British minister/physician Edmund Stone was trying to find a cheap substitute for cinchona bark, the rare, costly South American herb used to treat malaria (and later shown to contain the antimalarial drug, quinine). Cinchona was a bitter-tasting bark, and near Stone's Oxfordshire home, he found another bark that looked and tasted similar-white willow. As an experiment, he gave willow bark tea to people with fevers. Their fevers and pain subsided.   The herb quickly became the treatment of choice for fever and subsequently for pain and inflammation as well.  During the early 19th century, European chemists created aspirin from white willow bark's active chemical, salicin. Aspirin hit the market for the first time in 1899, and within a few years, it was one of the most popular drugs on earth.

Herbal experts say that white willow bark will work on fever, pain and inflammation. It will stand in for aspirin, but not quite as well.  The salicylate content of willow bark varies.   The herb may also help people who suffer from migraine headaches, since use of low-dose aspirin has been shown to significantly reduce attacks.

To make a medicinal drink, soak one teaspoon of powdered bark per cup of cold water for eight hours. Strain it and drink up to three cups a day.  White willow tastes bitter and astringent.  To improve the taste, you can add sugar or honey and lemon. You can also mix it into an herbal beverage tea.

Aspirin upsets some people's stomachs, but most herbalists say white willow bark rarely causes this problem. If stomach upset, nausea or ringing in the ears develops, reduce your dose or discontinue use. Pregnant women and those with chronic gastrointestinal conditions such as ulcers, colitis or Crohn's disease should not use this herb.

Heart attack, stroke, cancer and migraines are serious conditions requiring professional care. If you'd like to use white willow bark in addition to standard therapies, discuss it with your doctor

Meadowsweet

      Meadowsweet:  Botanical name: Filipendula ulmaria.  Meadowsweet is found in northern and southern Europe, North America, and northern Asia. The flowers and flowering top are primarily used in herbal preparations, although there are some historical references to using the root.  Meadowsweet is used to treat the common cold, influenza, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Meadowsweet was used historically by herbalists for a wide variety of conditions, including treating rheumatic complaints of the joints and muscles.   Nicholas Culpeper, a 17th-century English pharmacist, mentioned its use to help break fevers and promote sweating during a cold or flu. Traditional herbal references also indicate its use as a diuretic for people with poor urinary flow. It was also thought to have antacid properties and was used by herbalists to treat stomach complaints, including heartburn.

Active constituents: While the flowers are high in flavonoids, the primary constituents in meadowsweet are the salicylates, including salicin, salicylaldehyde, and methyl salicylate.  In the digestive tract, these compounds are oxidized into salicylic acid, a substance that is closely related to aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid). While not as potent as willow, which has a higher salicin content, the salicylates in meadowsweet may give it a mild anti-inflammatory effect and ability to reduce fevers during a cold or flu. However, this role is only based on historical use and knowledge of the chemistry of meadowsweet’s constituents, and to date, no human trials have examined the therapeutic potential of meadowsweet.

Dose: 2.5�?.5 grams of the flower or 4�? grams of the herb—often in a tea or infusion—per day.  Unfortunately, to achieve an aspirin-like effect, one would realistically need to consume about 50�?0 grams of meadowsweet daily. This means that willow bark extracts standardized to salicin are a far more practical as a potential herbal substitute for aspirin for minor aches and pains or mild fevers. Tinctures, 2�? ml three times per day, may alternatively be used.

People with sensitivity to aspirin should avoid the use of meadowsweet. It should not be used to lower fevers in children as it may possibly lead to Reye’s syndrome.  Certain medications may interact with meadowsweet. Refer to the drug interactions safety check for a list of those medications.

Angelica

      Angelica:  Many tales surround this herb.  Tales of its angelic nature and its pagan associations, of its healing powers and its wonderful taste, and of its potential hazards.  This herb is said to bloom every year on May 8th, the feast day of St Michael the Archangel.  Thus, its reputation as an angelic plant with the magical powers of healing and protection.  Angelica was thought to ward off evil spirits and witches.  Its juices were drunk to ward off spells and poisons.

Magical qualities or not, its many porperties and uses are real.  The medicinal use today centers on the treatment of digestive and bronchial problems.  A decoction of the root can treat indigestions, gastritis, imflammation of the intestines and flatulence. The stem can be steamed and eaten like asparagus, the leaves brewed into a fine tea that aids digestion, the oil of the root can be added to a bath for relaxation.  Angelica is used for loss of appetite, to promote circulation and to warm the body (particularly for those who often have chilly hands and feet).  Applied externally, it can ease rheuatic pains, stomach cramps and muscle spasms.

Angelica is a plant, not a tree, that can grow as high as eight feet.  European angelica is a biennial or perennial herb native to northern and eastern Europe and parts of Asia.  Angelica has been used for centuries in European medicine as an expectorant for bronchial illnesses, colds and coughs, and also as a digestive aid for stomach disorders. By the fifteenth century it was in popular use. In the English herbal entitled Paradisus Terrestris, published in 1629 C.E. by John Parkinson, angelica was reported to be one of the most important medicinal herbs of that time.

Angelica root consists of the dried root and rhizome of A. archangelica L. The root and rhizome contain essential oil, coumarin, and coumarin derivatives. Some of its early uses are at least partially supported by in vitro studies of angelica's active coumarin and furanocoumarin constituents. One of these, angelicin, relaxes smooth muscles in vitro, including those in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Angelica also relaxes tracheal and vascular smooth muscles in vitro. European angelica may also increase uterine contractions, similar to the effects shown by Chinese angelica, A. sinensis (dong quai). In India, it is used to treat anorexia nervosa and flatulent dyspepsia.

Side Effects:  The furanocoumarins present in angelica root sensitize the skin to light. Subsequent exposure to UV radiation can lead to inflammation of the skin. During treatment with the drug or its preparations, prolonged sun-bathing and exposure to intense UV radiation should be avoided. Use During Pregnancy and Lactation is not recommended during pregnancy

 

Ointment or a salve: This is easy to make at home. To create your own kave salve for muscle aches, mix 1 to 2 parts beeswax or soft paraffin wax, 7 parts cocoa butter, and 3 parts powdered kava root in a nonreactive saucepan. Cook the mixture for 1 to 2 hours on a low setting. Let cool and then packabe in an airtight container. Rub into aching muscle up to 3 times a day.

 

Poultice: Fresh herbs can be applied directly to bites and rashes when fashioned into a poultice. To make a kava poultice, chop fresh or dried root. Boil in a small amount of water for 5 minutes. Squeeze out any excess liquid from the boiled herb. Lay the kava directly on the skin and cover with a warm moist towel. leave in place for up to 30 minutes. The reserve liquic can be rewarmed and used to reheat the towel.

 

Syrup: Kava has a bitter taste that may not be palatable to some individuals. Syrup delivers the herb's medicinal benefits in an easy-to-swallow and throat-soothing base. To make, mix 7 parts of kava tea or decoction in a nonreactive sausepan with 10 parts of sugar. Cook the mixture over low heat until it has formed a thick, syrupy, consistency.

 

Tea: Also known as an indusion, tea is an easy and common way to ingest an herb. To make kava tea, steep 1 teaspoon of dried root or 1 tablespoon of fresh leaves for 5 minutes in 1 cup boiling water. You may add fructose, sugar, or honey to sweeten.

 

Tinctures: Though they are not as potent as liquid extracts, tinctures are minimally processed, making them a favorite remedy among many herbalists. To make your own kava tincture, place 100 to 200 grams of dried kava root, or 300 to 500 grams of fresh kava root, in a large jar and cover with 500ml of vodka (37 proof or higher). Place the lid on the jar and store in a dark area for 4 to 6 weeks. Shake the bottle daily. When ready to use, strain the mixture, pressing all remaining liquid from the kavaroot. Decant into several dropper bottles or a clean glass bottle. Will keep for up to two years. Shake before using.

 

Aloe

Aloe is a genus of succulent, flowering plants in the family Asphodelaceae, which contains about 400 different species. They are native to the drier parts of Africa, especially South Africa's Cape Province and the mountains
of tropical Africa.

Members of the closely allied genera Gasteria and Haworthia, which have a similar mode of growth, are also sometimes popularly known as aloes. Note that the plant sometimes called "American aloe", Agave Americana, belongs to a different family, namely Agavaceae.

Aloe plants are stiff and rugged, consisting mainly of a rosette of large, thick, fleshy leaves. Many common varieties of Aloe are seemingly stemless, with the rosette growing directly at ground level; Other varieties may have
a branched or un-branched stem from which the fleshy leaves spring. The leaves are generally lance-shaped with a sharp apex and a spiny margin. They vary in color from grey to bright green and are sometimes striped or mottled


Aloe flowers are small, tubular, and yellow or red and are borne on densely clustered, simple or branched leafless stems. The plants are cultivated as ornamental plants, especially in public buildings and gardens.

The aloe Vera, in particular, is said to have medicinal properties. The plant may grow to a height of four feet. The aloe, a clear thick gel-like substance flows from the inside of cut leaves. The leaves also produce a bitter yellow juice which, when dried, becomes aloe latex.

Growth and Care

All Aloes are semitropical succulent plants, and may only be grown outdoors in areas where there is no chance of freezing (USDA zones 10-11). However, they make excellent house plants when they are given sufficient light.
Potted Aloes benefit from spending the summer outdoors. Older specimens may even bloom, producing a tall stock covered with bright colored coral flowers Aloe flower nectar is a favorite of hummingbirds!

Because Aloe plants consist of 95% water, they are extremely frost tender. If they are grown outdoors in warm climates, they should be planted in full sun, or light shade. The soil should be moderately fertile, and fast
draining. Established plants will survive a drought quite well, but for the benefit of the plant, water should be provided.

Because of their popularity, Aloe Vera plants are available at almost every garden shop or nursery. Unless you live in area with a very mild climate, it s best to leave your Aloe plant in the pot and place it near a window that
gets a lot of sun. You can move the pot outdoors during the summer months.

Aloe Vera is a succulent, and as such, stores a large quantity of water within its leaves and root system. During the winter months, the plant will become somewhat dormant, and utilize very little moisture. During this period watering should be minimal. Allow the soil to become completely dry before giving the plant a cup or two of water. During the summer months, the soil should be completely soaked, but then be allowed to dry again before re-watering.

Aloes have a shallow, spreading root system, so when it is time to repot choose a wide planter, rather than a deep one. Use a planter with a drainage hole, or provide a 1-2 inch layer of gravel in the bottom of the pot to
ensure adequate drainage. Use a good commercial potting mix with extra perlite, granite grit, or coarse sand added. You may also use a packaged cacti mix' soil. Fertilize yearly, in the spring with a dilute (half strength), bloom type fertilizer (10-40-10).

Aloes are propagated by removing the offsets which are produced around the base of mature plants, when they are a couple inches tall (or larger). They may also be grown from seed. 

Uses

Human use of Aloes are primarily as a herbal remedy in alternative medicines and "home first aid". Both the translucent inner pulp as well as the resinous yellow exudate (gel) from wounding the Aloe plant is used
externally to relieve skin discomforts and internally as a laxative. To date research has shown in certain cases that Aloes produce positive medicinal benefits for healing damaged skin, however there is still much debate
regarding the effectiveness and safety for using Aloes medicinally in other manners.

Some Aloes have been used for human consumption. For example drinks made from or containing chunks of aloe pulp are popular in Asia as commercial beverages, and as a tea additive. This is notably true in Korea. The gel was
once used on children's fingers to stop nail-biting.

External uses

Note: much of the material in this section is derived from sources with a financial interest in selling products, and few properly conducted clinical trials are cited. This does not necessarily invalidate the claims made.

For medicinal purposes, aloe Vera is most commonly used externally to treat various skin conditions, and burns. Not only does it soothe the skin, ease pain and reduce inflammation, studies have been done to show that using aloe as a topical treatment to burns will help speed up the healing recovery process. A study performed in the 1990s showed that the healing of a moderate severe burn was sped up by six days when covering the wound on a
regular basis with aloe Vera gel, compared to the healing of the wound covered in a gauze bandage (Farrar, 2005). Aloe Vera helps burns of various degrees, including sunburn. When the gel is rubbed over over-exposed skin,
the redness will disappear within a couple of days, and it helps to preserve moisture so that the skin will not become dry and peel. A cut leaf from an aloe Vera plant can be rubbed over the skin, as it exudes gel; the gel can
also be bought in drugstores.

Aloe Vera can also be used to treat minor cuts and scrapes. Rubbing a cut leaf over a cut will help prevent infection and will speed up the healing response from the body. The aloe Vera acts as a sealant and pulls the skin
back together like a bandage or a suture. Although aloe should not be used as a substitute for medical treatment, its many uses are beneficial and should be considered for anything such as an everyday moisturizer to a first-aid antiseptic. In addition to the above-mentioned benefits, continuous research is being done to learn how else the aloe Vera plant can play an important part in human lives.

Many cosmetic companies are now adding this plant to every product possible including makeup, soaps, sunscreens, shampoos and lotions, as well as any product that is created to soothe, protect and moisturize the skin. This is due partially to the fact that Aloe extract is full of vitamins, nutrients and minerals, as well as, the perception of the general public of Aloe as a healing ingredient. The International Aloe Science Council advises choosing
products that contain between twenty-five and forty percent aloe in them to receive the ultimate aloe Vera benefits to the skin.

Aloe gel is also useful for any dry skin condition, especially eczema around the eyes and sensitive facial skin, and for treating fungal infections such as ringworm. In Ayurvedic medicine, the gel is usually applied fresh and can
even be converted into an ointment for long-term use.

Internal uses

Aloe contains a number of medicinal substances used as a purgative. The medicinal substance is produced from various species of aloe, such as A. vera, A. vulgaris, A. socotrina, A. chinensis, and A. perryi. Several kinds of aloes are commercially available: Barbadoes, Socotrine, Hepatic, Indian, and Cape aloes. Barbadoes and Socotrine are the varieties most commonly used for curative purposes.

Aloes is the expressed juice of the leaves of the plant. When the leaves are cut, the juice that flows out is collected and evaporated. After the juice has been removed, the leaves are sometimes boiled, to yield an inferior kind
of aloes. The juice of the leaves of certain species, e.g. Aloe venenosa, is poisonous.

There have been very few properly conducted studies about possible benefits of aloe gel taken internally. One study found improved wound healing in mice Another found a positive effect of lowering risk factors in patients with
heart disease. Some research has shown decreasing fasting blood sugar in diabetic animals given aloe. None of these studies can be considered to be definitive, and there are many false advertising claims for aloe.

Aloe has been marketed as a remedy for coughs, wounds, ulcers, gastritis, diabetes, cancer, headaches, arthritis, immune-system deficiencies, and many other conditions when taken internally. However, these uses are
unsubstantiated; the only substantiated internal use is as a laxative. Furthermore, there is evidence of significant adverse side effects. Genotoxicity studies show that aloe-containing laxatives pose cancer risk to humans when used as directed. Consult your doctor when contemplating taking Aloe internally. Avoid use during pregnancy because the anthraquinone glycosides are strongly purgative. High doses of
the leaves can cause vomiting.

On 9 May 2002 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued a final rule banning the use of aloe and cascara sagrada as laxative ingredients in over-the-counter drug products.

Compounds in Aloes

Aloe vera contains over seventy-five nutrients and twenty minerals, nineteen amino acids including all eight essential amino acids and eleven secondary amino acids as well and twelve vitamins. These vitamins include: A, B1, B6,
B12, C and E. It has even been referred to as a pharmacy in a plant.

Aloes also contain anthraquinone gycosides, resins, polysaccharides, sterols gelonins, and chromones. It is also a source of a class of chemicals called Aloins. 

Chemical properties of Aloin

Aloins are soluble and easily extracted by water. Aloes is the expressed juice of the leaves of the plant. When the leaves are cut, the juice that flows out is collected and evaporated. After the juice has been removed, the leaves are sometimes boiled, to yield an inferior kind of aloes. According to W. A. Shenstone, two classes of Aloins are to be recognized: (1) nataloins, which yield picric and oxalic acids with nitric acid, and do not give a red coloration with nitric acid; and (2) barbaloins, which yield aloetic acid (C7H2N3O5), chrysammic acid (C7H2N2O6), picric and oxalic acids with nitric acid, being reddened by the acid. This second group may be divided into a-barbaloins, obtained from Barbadoes aloes, and reddened in the cold, and b-barbaloins, obtained from Socotrine and Zanzibar aloes, reddened by ordinary nitric acid only when warmed or by fuming acid in the cold. Nataloin (2C17H13O7H2O) forms bright yellow scales. Barbaloin (C17H18O7) forms yellow prismatic crystals. Aloes also contain a trace of volatile oil, to which its odour is due.

Medicinal use of Aloin

The dose is 130-320 mg, that of aloin being 30-130 mg. Aloes can be absorbed from a broken surface and will then cause purging. When given internally it increases the actual amount as well as the rate of flow of the bile. It
hardly affects the small intestine, but markedly stimulates the muscular coat of the large intestine, causing purging in about fifteen hours. There is hardly any increase in the intestinal secretion, the drug being emphatically not a hydragogue cathartic. There is no doubt that its habitual use may be a factor in the formation of haemorrhoids; as in the case of all drugs that act powerfully on the lower part of the intestine, without simultaneously lowering the venous pressure by causing increase of secretion from the bowel. Aloes also tends to increase the menstrual flow and therefore belongs to the group of emmenagogues. Aloin is preferable to aloes for therapeutic purposes, as it causes less, if any, pain. It is a valuable drug in many forms of constipation, as its continual use does not, as a rule
lead to the necessity of enlarging the dose. Its combined action on the bowel and the uterus is of especial value in chlorosis, of which amenorrhoea is an almost constant symptom. The drug should not be taken during pregnancy
and when haemorrhoids are present. Many well-known patent medicines consist essentially of aloes.

Lign-aloes and Agarwood

The lign-aloes are quite different from plants of the Aloe genus. The term Aloes" is used in the Bible (Numbers 24:6), but as the trees usually supposed to be meant by this word are not native in Syria, it has been
suggested that the Septuagint reading in which the word does not occur is to be preferred. Lign-aloe is a corruption of the Latin lignum-aloe, a wood, not a resin. Dioscorides refers to it as agallochon, a wood brought from Arabia or India, which was odoriferous but with an astringent and bitter taste. This may be Agarwood, a native of East India, South East Asia, and China, which supplies the so-called eagle-wood or aloes-wood, which contains much resin and oil.

Species

There are around 400 species in the genus Aloe. Common species include:

Aloe angelica - Wylliespoort Aloe

Aloe aristata - Torch Plant, Lace Aloe

Aloe barberae - Tree Aloe

Aloe brevifolia - Shortleaf Aloe

Aloe castanea - Cat's Tail Aloe

Aloe ciliaris - Climbing Aloe

Aloe comosa - Clanwilliam'<WBR>s Aloe

Aloe dichotoma - quiver tree or kokerboom

Aloe dinteri - Namibian Partridge Breast Aloe

Aloe distans - Jeweled Aloe

Aloe excelsa - Noble Aloe, Zimbabwe Aloe

Aloe ferox - Cape Aloe, Tap Aloe, Bitter Aloe

Aloe glauca - Blue Aloe

Aloe humilis - Spider Aloe

Aloe khamiensis - Namaqua Aloe

Aloe longistyla - Karoo Aloe, Ramenas

Aloe maculata - Soap Aloe, Zebra Aloe

Aloe mitriformis - Gold Tooth Aloe

Aloe nobilis - Gold Tooth Aloe

Aloe perryi - Perry's Aloe

Aloe pictifolia - Kouga Aloe

Aloe pillansii - Bastard Quiver Tree

Aloe plicatilis - Fan Aloe

Aloe polyphylla - Spiral Aloe

Aloe pratensis - Rosette Aloe

Aloe ramosissima - Maidens Quiver Tree

Aloe saponaria - African Aloe

Aloe speciosa - Tilt-head Aloe

Aloe striata - Coral Aloe

Aloe tauri - Bullocks Bottle Brush Aloe

Aloe variegata - Partridge-breasted Aloe, Tiger Aloe

Aloe vera - True Aloe (vera means true in Latin), Barbados Aloe, Common Aloe
Yellow Aloe, Medicinal Aloe. This is the variety used medicinally.

Aloe zebrina - Zebra Aloe

Saffron - Crocus sativus