Firearms examination

This involves the identifying characteristics between firearm and projectile, projectile and target.  Typically, this includes matching bullets to the gun that fired them.

Toolmark identification

This involves the identifying characteristics between tools, such as a pry bar, and the object on which it is used, such as a door frame.

Blood-stain/pattern analysis

This area may on many occasions, clearly define the location of the victim or the assailant(s) by establishing the actions of either or both.  Possible and impossible scenarios may be established to determine if the victim/witness/assailant is accurately describing what took place.

What type of weapon or impact occurred to cause the bloodstains   present?

How many times was the victim struck ?

Where was the victim(s) at the time the injuries were inflicted?

Where was the assailant(s) during and following the assault?

Is the bloodstain evidence consistent with the medical examiner findings?

Is the bloodstain evidence on the suspect and his clothing consistent with the crime scene?

Document Examination

This discipline involves all special relationships that may exist between document and inscription and how it relates to a person or sequence of events. This includes forgery, counterfeiting, handwriting analysis and other related subdisciplines such as typewriter analysis.

Forensic Entomology  

is the use of insect knowledge in the investigation of crimes or even civil disputes. It is one of the many tools of forensic science. Forensic entomology is not only a useful tool to decide how long human remains have been undetected, but forensic can also be used to find out whether the corpse have been moved after death, the cause of death, and also solve cases of contraband trafficking.

Forensic Computing

Forensic Computing is the collection, preservation, analysis, and presentation of computer-related evidence. Computer evidence can be used in criminal cases, civil disputes, and human resources/employment proceedings. Far more information is retained on a computer than most people realise. It's also more difficult to completely remove information than is generally thought. For these reasons (and many more), Forensic Computing can often find evidence of, or even completely recover, lost or deleted information, even if it was intentionally deleted.  Computer records can provide evidence for all manner of offences including child protection, food labelling, pornography, terrorism, car clocking, counterfeiting, trade descriptions, computer misuse.

Forensic Anthropology

Anthropological examinations can determine whether something is a bone and, if so, whether it is human or animal in origin. Race, sex, approximate height and stature, and approximate age at death can be determined from human remains. Damage to bone such as cuts, blunt-force trauma, and bullet holes may also be examined. Personal identifications can be made by comparing X-rays of a known individual to skeletal remains.

Arson Investigating 

Arson examinations can determine the presence of ignitable liquids introduced to a fire scene. Examinations of debris recovered from scenes can identify gasoline, fuel oils, and speciality solvents. Examinations generally cannot identify specific brands.

Search for the following at questioned arson scenes: candles, cigarettes, matchbooks, Molotov cocktails, fused chemical masses, or any electronic or mechanical devices that may have been used to assist the arsonist. Also search for cloth- or paper-burn trails, burn trails on carpeted or hardwood floors, and the removal of personal property or commercial inventory.

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is analyzed in body fluids, stains, and other biological tissues recovered from evidence. The results of DNA analysis of questioned biological samples are compared with the results of DNA analysis of known samples. This analysis can associate victim(s) and/or suspect(s) with each other or with a crime scene.

There are two sources of DNA used in forensic analyses. Nuclear DNA (nDNA) is typically analyzed in evidence containing blood, semen, saliva, body tissues, and hairs that have tissue at their root ends. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is typically analyzed in evidence containing naturally shed hairs, hair fragments, bones, and teeth.

Facial Imaging

Visual Information Specialists provide composite drawings, two- and three-dimensional facial reconstructions from skeletal remains, facial age progressions, postmortem reconstructions, and digital photographic manipulations and retouches.

Fingerprints

Fingerprints are one of the best forms of physical evidence. A fingerprint can conclusively identify both offenders and victims.

Forensic Anthropology

forensic anthropology includes archeological excavation; examination of hair, insects, plant materials and footprints; determination of elapsed time since death; facial reproduction; photographic superimposition; detection of anatomical variants; and analysis of past injury and medical treatment. However, in practice, forensic anthropologists primarily help to identify a decedent based on the available evidence.

Forensic Toxicology

Evidence such as blood, urine, stomach contents, bile, liver, kidney, lungs, brains, nail clippings, and hair are sent to the Toxicologist by the Forensic Pathologist. "The specimens ordinarily examined in cases of suspected poisoning are tissue samples from vital organs, blood or urine, food, drink, and the suspected poison itself".