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Prepare yourself to learn something.

 

Figures of speech.

Forms of expression used for effect,  emphasis.  Including:

Resemblance:

1. Simile: using the words as or like to associate two things having something in common. On thing is similar to the other.

Eg:

He eats like a pig.

She's as light as a feather.

2. Metaphor: when one thing is said to be another, such as "He's a pig." Clearly the man isn't a pig in a literal sense.  A metaphore is the opposite of a literal statement. 

When someone says "I died of fright" they are speaking metaphorically. Even if they say: "I literally died of fright"  they didn't.  Unless they are speaking to you from beyond the grave. 

3. Personification: giving inanimate objects or animals human identity, qualities of life, such as the works of Beatrix Potter and similar authors of children's books, though it needn't be limited to children's work of course.

4. Animation: attributing human thoughts and intentions to inanimate objects.  eg: the tree clung to the rock;  the leaves skipped down the street.

 

Contrast:

Antithesis - words contrasted to each other. 

Epigram: a short witty phrase that contradicts (eg: Work is the curse of the drinking classes)

Euphemism: a word replacing a disagreeable or impolite word.

Hyperbole:  deliberate exaggeration for effect (eg: tons of money)

Irony: more subtle than sarcasm, saying the opposite of what is meant but in a witty way that implies that this should not be taken literally.

Oxymoron: placing two words together of opposite significance (eg: bitter sweet)

Paradox: an apparently absurd phrase:  (eg: if you keep to the left you’ll be right).

Innuendo: Implied meaning.

 

Sound Effects

 

Alliteration:  repetition of consonants, usually at the beginning of words.

Assonance: corresponding vowel sounds in associated words. Rhyme.

Onomatopoeia:   words which suggest their meaning by the way they sound.