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For those that collect U.S. Martial Arms here's a quick and handy guide to which bayonet goes with which rifle (also includes some that didn't quite make it to adoption). 1. U.S. Rifle, Cal. .30, M1892 through M1898. Also known as the Krag-Jorgenson. It takes the Model 1892 blade bayonet and metal scabbard. U.S. Carbine, Cal. .30, M1892 through M1898 is a cutdown version of the rifle for cavalry troops. It does not use a bayonet. The cartridge is known as .30-40 Krag to distinugish it from the "other" caliber .30 cartridge, the .30-06. [Note: the M1898 bayonet will also fit all models of Krag, Springfield, and M1 rifle.] 2. U.S. Rifle, Cal. .30, M1903 and M1903A1. Known commonly as the "Springfield" after the armory that developed it, the rifle is commonly found with a straight line stock (M1903) or with a full pistol grip (M1903A1). The rifle was built at Springfield and Rock Island Arsenals beginning in 1903 (Springfield) and 1906 (Rock Island) through World War I. Bayonet was the M1905 and the most common scabbard of the period was the M1910. The M1910 had a leather tip and khaki cover over the aluminum scabbard. The cartridge is known as the .30-06 or .30-06 Springfield or 7.62x63mm. In 1940 Remingington Arms Co. put the M1903A1 rifle into production (Springfield had changed over to M1 production in 1937). Remington suggested changes in the Springfield design to speed up production. In 1942, the simplified desgin was put into production as the M1903A3 with co-production by Smith-Corona Company. Remington and Smith-Corona also produced a sniper version of this rifle known as the M1903A4 (Sniper's). The M1903A4 was stripped of its iron sights, fitted with a Redfield mount, rings, and a Weaver 330 telescopic sight. M1903A3 and A4 rifles made extensive use of stampings. Three types of stocks were common: the straight line Type A, the semi-pistol grip Type S, and the full pistol grip Type C. Type C and Type S stocks were reserved for the M1903A4 rifles where possible. Due to a lack of sniping rifles in the U.S. armory, the USMC modified the M1903A1 National Match rifles to accept the 8-power Unertl telescopic sight. This was known as the U.S. Rifle, Cal. .30, M1942 (Sniper's). All models of Springfield rifle, including the sniper versions, could take the M1905, M1905E1, or M1 bayonets. When World War II began, the standard bayonet was the M1905 with either the M1910 scabbard or M3 scabbard (plastic - Army) or Mk 3 scabbard (plastic - Navy). Plastic scabbards were green. As the war progressed, M1905 bayonets were shortened to become the M1905E1 and the M3 or Mk 3 scabbards were shortened accordingly. U.S. Rifle, Cal. .30, M1917. This rifle was known as the U.S. Enfield and was based upon the British Pattern 14 .303 rifle that had been produced by Remington and Winchester for the UK. Over 2.5 million M1917 rifles were produced by Remington, Winchester, and Eddystone (a Remington licensee) in World War I. The M1917 used a modified version of the No. 1 Mk III SMLE bayonet. This was called the M1917 and had a leather covered scabbard with a metal tip and throat with belt hooks for the M1910 cartridge belt. M1917 bayonets were also issued for M1897, M1912 and similar 12 ga. "trench" shotguns issued to American troops in both World Wars, Korea, and Vietnam. For Vietnam Service the scabbard was redesigned to become a green painted plastic. The M1905 Springfield bayonet would also fit this scabbard. 4. U.S. Rifle, Cal. .30, M1, M1C, and M1D. This semi-automatic rifle designed by John C. Garand was put into production by Springfield Armory in 1937. The M1 rifle was the first self-loading rifle adopted by a modern military force in the world at the time. World War II bayonets for this rifle include the M1905, M1905E1, and M1. The M1 bayonet was the production version of the M1905E1 that came on-line in 1943. The bayonet was known as the M7 and was made of green painted plastic. In 1944, two sniping versions of the M1 Garand were developed; the M1E7 [standardized as the M1C (Sniper's)]and the M1E8 [standardized as the M1D (Sniper's)]. Both M1C and M1D rifles could take the M1905, M1905E1, and M1 bayonet. The M1C rifle had a mounting rail that was attached to its receiver by two taper pins and three machine screws. A Griffin and Howe throw lever mount was used with the M81, M82, or M84 scope. The M1D rifle had a Springfield-designed mount that attached to the barrel with a clam shell mount. The mount attached to the block by a single, non-removeable screw fastener. Scopes were the M81, M82, and M84. The M1 bayonet was issued through the Korean War. Post war it was supplemented by the M5 and M5A1 knife-bayonets that differed only in their latches. Bayonet scabbards were the M8 or M8A1. They were green painted plastic and the M8A1 had a steel reinforced tip. 5. U.S. Rifle, Cal. .30, M1941. Known as the Johnson, after its inventor and champion CAPT Melvin Johnson, USMCR, the M1941 had some unique features not embodied in the M1 Garand rifle. The Johnson was loaded from 5-round Springfield stripper clips and carried 10 rounds in a rotary magazine. The Johnson employed a rotarty bolt similar to today's AR-15/M16 rifles, and had a quick change 24-inch barrel. Unlike the Garand that was gas-operated, the Johnson was recoil-operated. The Johnson used the unique M1941 spike bayonet and a all-leather scabbard. The Johnson had more parts and was more expensive to produce than the M1. Limited numbers of Johnsons were produced for foreign military sales. The U.S. Marines tested the rifle by adopted the M1 Garand instead. The Johnson was the basis of the M1941 and M1944 Johnson Light Machine Guns. 6. U.S. Carbine, Cal. .30, M1, M1A1, M2 and M3. Adopted by the U.S. Army in 1940 to replace the pistol for troops that did not use the rifle as their primary weapon. The .30 caliber carbine round was really a scaled-up pistol cartridge. Early carbines could not mount a bayonet. Instead troops with carbines were issued the M3 trench knife and M6 leather scabbard. The M1 carbine had a conventional pistol grip stock and 15-round magazine. The M1A1 carbine had a folding wire stock that attached to the recoil plate and bottom of its prominent pistol grip. It used the 15-round magazine of the M1 carbine. In 1944, a select-fire version of the carbine was developed from the M1; it was called the M2. The M2 carbine also introduced a 30-round magazine and M4 knife-bayonet (similar to the M3 trench knife) with the M8 plastic scabbard. M2 carbines fitted with the M3 infra-red "Sniperscope" were called the M3 carbine. After World War II, large numbers of M1 and M1A1 carbines were overhauled to add the front band and bayonet lug of the M2 and M3 carbines. 7. U.S. Rifle, Cal. 7.62mm, M14 and M14A1. The M14 and M14A1 rifles were prouct-improved versions of the venerable M1 Garand rifle. Although both rifles could be set up for select-fire, M14 rifles were usually issued with their selectors locked-out. The M14A1 was a modified version of the M14 that had a specialized stock with a hinged butt plate, rubber recoil pad, two pistol grips, a special lengthened sling, M2 bipod, and compensator that slid over the flash suppressor. The issue bayonet for the M14 was the knife-bayonet M6 and M8A1 scabbard. 8. U.S. Rifle, Cal. 5.56mm, M16, M16A1, and M16A2. These rifles were derived from the commercial AR-15 rifle produced by Colt's. Bayonets issued for these rifles are the M7 knife-bayonet (similar to the M6, but with a larger muzzle ring), and M8A1 or M10 scabbard. The difference between the M8A1 and M10 scabbard is that the latter does not have the reinforced steel tip of the former. M16A2 rifles are issued with the M9 wire-cutter multipurpose bayonet and scabbard. The scabbard is green plastic and comes with a shapener for the bayonet blade. The tip of the bayonet has a steel wire cutter attachment. |
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During the Korean War, the United States Marine Corps modified its stock of M1C rifles to become the U.S. Rifle, Cal. .30, MC1 (or M1952 Sniper's). The Model M1952 (or MC1) was identical to the older M1C rifle except for the mount and rifle scope. The difference was that the power of the telescopic sight was increased to 4-power, the diameter of the scope was 1-inch (25.4mm) and a modified Griffin and Howe mount and rings were issued with this rifle. It is not known whether the MC1 or M1952 saw much service during Korea, but this rifle was standard issue to the Marines for sniping through 1966 when it was replaced by the dedicated M40 bolt-action sniper's rifle. Bayonets that are correct for the MC1 or M1952 are the M1 with M7 plastic scabbard or the M5/M5A1 knife-bayonets with the M8/M8A1 scabbards. M1C, M1D, and MC1 (M1952) Sniper's rifles were issued with the M2 flash hider [a cone-shaped flash hider that snapped over the muzzle and bayonet lug] or in the late 1950's with the T37 prong-type flash suppressor. This flash suppressor replaced the gas cylinder lock and was retained by the gas cylinder lock screw. Below: (Left) The M1C and M1D rifles; (Right) the MC1 or M1952 Sniper's. |
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Scope notes for M1C, M1D, and MC1 (M1952) Sniper's rifles. There were three sights issued for the M1C and M1D rifle and one for the MC1 (M1952) Sniper's rifles. > The M81 scope was a 3/4-inch diameter, externally adjustable, 2.5-power telescopic sight, with a cross-wire reticle. It was a military version of the commercial Lyman "Alaskan" sight. > The M82 scope was identical to the M81 except that the reticle was changed to a single vertical post. Both of these scopes were made Limited Standard B in April 1945 with the adoption of the T134 military 2.2-power telescopic sight, re-designated as the M84. > The M84 was made Standard A in April 1945 and cured many of the short-comings of the commercially-based M81 and M82 scopes. The M84 had an extendable sun shade to prevent a stray ray of sunlight from glinting on the glass and giving the sniper's position away. Windage and elevation knobs were made larger than those of the M81 and M82 as well as being covered by hinged, sheet metal covers. The reticle of the M84 was a post with a cross-wire. The cross wire was not for aiming; it was designed to help prevent "canting" of the rifle that would misdirect the bullet. Like the M81 and M82, the M84 had a rubber eyepiece that acted as a sun shade. The eye relief of the M81, M82, and M84 scope was a nominal 5 inches. Over 40,000 M84 scopes were manufactured by Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass Company between the end of World War 2 and the start of the Korean War. The Korean War was the first wide-scale deployment of the M84 scope on the M1C and M1D Sniper's rifles. [The M84 scope also replaced the Weaver 330 and M73B1 scopes mounted on M1903A4 sniper's rifles as they became unserviceable.] While the USMC was happy with the M1C as their sniper's rifle, they were not thrilled with the World War 2 M81 or M82 and post-war M84 scopes. The Marines looked about and found a "better piece of glass" for their rifles: the Stith-Kollmorgen 4-power telescopic sight. Known commerically as the "Bearcub", this sight had large windage and elevation turrets that could be turned by a Marine wearing gloves or mittens. When the turrets were turned they produced an audible "click", something that the M81, M82, and M84 scopes did not do. Stith-Kollmorgen scopes had a larger objective lens for better light gathering than the Lyman or LOF scopes, increased magnification, a standard cross-wire reticle, and a 1-inch diameter tube. Eye relief was shortened to about 3.5 inches. The most commonly found scope for use in building a replica sniping version of the M1 is the M84 scope. Prices have been climbing in recent years and good M84 scopes alone may bring $400 or more. Reproduction rubber eye shades are readily available in case your original has succumbed to the ravages of ultraviolet light and ozone. Parts for the M84 scope are available from www.sarcoinc.com. M1D barrel blocks and scope mounts are available from various sources in case you want to piece together your own M1D Sniper's rifle. Springfield, Inc. (the one that builds the M1A) can supply the short rear handguard for the M1D setup. M1C mount bases are sometimes available, as are the Griffin and Howe scope mounting bases. However, the special scope rings are virtually non-existent. The same can be said for the MC1 (or M1952) rings and mount. The M1952 mount is physically longer than that of the M1C so as to accomodate the differences in length and construction of the Stith-Kollmorgen scope. I have personally seen only one M1952 mount and rings; that was at a 1992 gun show where the guy wanted $900 for them. Of all the M1 sniper rifles, the most exotic is the MC1 or M1952. Stith-Kollmorgen scopes can occasionally be found in such places eBay or Shotgun News. The most difficult part is finding the rings, mount, and rail. The next most difficult thing is to drill, tap, and ream the three screw and two pin holes in the M1 receiver for the rail. M1 receivers are surface-hardened and drilling and tapping process will have to be done by electro-discharge machining (EDM). EDM is not affected by the surface hardness of the receiver wall. |
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Some further notes on U.S. Bayonets. 1. Krag bayonets have a metal scabbard. Grips on the Krag are made of wood. The blade has a deep blood groove and a semetrical, spear point. The bayonet is stamped near the muzzle ring with the year of manufacture and manufacturer. 2. Springfield M1905 bayonets may be found with bright blades, blue blades, or parkerized blades. The bayonet is stamped near the muzzle ring with the year of manufacture and manufacturer. Pre-WW1, WW1, and Post-WW1 grips were made of wood. Just before the start of WW2 or shortly after the U.S. entry into WW2 saw the wooden grips replaced by plastic. Some of the plastic grips were a choclate brown, but the majority were black. The plastic grips had a series of narrow vertical grooves (that run parallel to the muzzle ring) for a better grip. When M1905 bayonets were converted to the M1905E1 version with one of three different point configurations, any wooden grips were replaced with plastic and the bayonet was refinished (Parkerized). M1 bayonets (the production version of the M1905E1) were all Parkerized. All M1905, M1905E1, and M1 bayonets are stamped near the muzzle ring with the year of manufacture and manufacturer. During the Korean War and afterwards, some M1 bayonets were converted to a blade that resembled that of the M4 carbine knife-bayonet by the South Koreans. M7 plastic scabbards were also shortened and repainted in olive drab or the M8 or M8A1 scabbard was substituted. This modification was not an official American modification, but was done to bayonets given to the South Korean military by the U.S. All scabbards from the original M1905 through the Korean-modified knife-bayonet M1, have latching hooks for the bayonet itself; the bayonet release locks the bayonet in the scabbard until it is purposely withdrawn. Latching hooks are not used on M8 or M8A1 scabbards. 3. Enfield M1917 bayonets are very similar to the No. 1 Mk. III SMLE bayonet from which it was derived or the UK Pattern 1914 bayonet of which it is a close copy. Differences between the M1917 and the Pattern 1914 are the grips; the Pattern 1914 are smooth wood, while the M1917 are wood with two parallel vertical grooves. Pattern 1914 bayonet scabbards are leather with a metal tip and take the standard British bayonet frog; M1917 bayonet scabbards are leather with a metal tip and the double hooks for attachment to the M1910 pack or pistol belt. M1917 bayonets have a very deep blood groove that runs over 3/4 of the length of the 17-inch blade. M1917 bayonets are blued from the pommel to about 1-inch ahead of the muzzle ring; the rest is Parkerized. All bayonets are marked ahead of the muzzle ring with the manufacturer: Winchester, Remington, or Eddystone and the date of manufacturer. During WW2 a plastic scabbard was designed to replace the leather WW1 scabbard. Both the plastic and leather scabbards could take the M1905 bayonet if necessary. During the Vietnam war, limited numbers of M1917 bayonets were again procured for issue with 12 ga. "trench guns" such as the Winchester Model 12 and Ithaca Model 37. These Vietnam bayonets were Parkerized, had black plastic grips, and had green plastic scabbards. The Vietnam-era versions are quite rare and are expensive when found. The M4 bayonet for the M1, M1A1, M2, or M3 carbines is based upon the M3 trench knife. In mid-1944 all new carbines and others going through overhaul and rebuild were fitted with a new barrel band that incorporated a bayonet lug. The M4 bayonet with M8 scabbard was standardized for these rifles. Differences in the M3 and M4 are primarily the pommel (notch and release added for the bayonet lug) and the addition of a muzzle ring for mounting on the rifle. Grips are built-up from leather ovals, trimed to shape and grooved for a good grip. During the Korean War, the leather composition grips was changed to a checkered black plastic, secured by two machine screws. The Model and manufacturer of the bayonet is stamped on the front of the muzzle ring, just beneath the cutting edge of the blade. These later bayonets are usually found with the M8A1 scabbard that has the metal reinforcement on the tip. M4 bayonets are Parkerized. The M5 and M5A1 bayonets have a blade that is the same length as the M4 knife-bayonet. They may be either Parkerized or blued. No muzzle ring is used; instead, there is a stud for the gas cylinder lock screw of the M1 rifle. Grips are checkered black plastic attached by machine screws. Differences between the bayonets are in the the latching mechanism. Both M8 and M8A1 scabbards may be found with this bayonet. The M6 bayonets are Parkerized with black plastic grips attached by machine screws, a muzzle ring to fit the flash suppressor of the M14 rifle, and an M8A1 scabbard. The muzzle ring is stamped with the Model and manufacturer just below the cutting edge of the bayonet. The M7 bayonet was issued for the M16-series rifles. Its muzzle ring diameter is much larger than that of the M6 and is the major recognition point. Grips are black checkered plastic attached by machine screws. The bayonet is Parkerized and may be found with either the M8A1 scabbard or the newer, all-plastic, black M10 scabbard. Model and manufacturer are stamped on the muzzle ring below the cutting edge of the bayonet. These are the last scabbards to use the hooks for attachment to the grommet holes in the pistol belt. M9 Bayonets were originally made by Buck and later by other manufacturers. These bayonets are much heavier and longer than the M7 bayonet for the M16-series rifles. The bayonet itself is modular and designed for repair. It is held together by a single socket head cap screw. M9 bayonets have a Bowie knife cliped tip, an upper serrated or saw edge, a wire cutter scabbard and a notch in the blade for the wire cutter stud. Scabbards are green plastic with hooks for attaching to ALICE gear pistol belt, as well as a sharpening stone. The scabbard has moulded-in loops for attachment to ALICE gear suspenders or ruck sack. |
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| Bayonet | Blade | Weapon | Manufacturer | | M1892
[Model 1892 Scabbard] | 11.5 in. | 1892-1898
Krag-Jorgenson | Springfield Armory | | M1905
[Model 1905, 1910 Scabbard] | 16 in. | 1903-Series Springfield
M1-Series Garand | Springfield Armory
Rock Island Arsenal | | M1917
[Model 1917 Leather Scabbard] | 17 in. | 1917 "U.S. Enfield"
Trench Shotguns | Remington Arms
Winchester Arms | | M1917 (Vietnam Era)
[Model 1917 Plastic Scabbard] | 17 in. | Trench Shotguns | Canadian Arsenals, Ltd.
General Cutlery | | M1905 (1942-1943)
[M3, Mk3 Plastic Scabbard] | 16 in. | 1903-Series Springfield
M1-Series Garand | American Fork & Hoe
Oneida, Ltd.
PAL Blade & Tool
Utica Cutlery
Union Fork & Hoe
Wide Drop Forge & Tool | | M1905E1 (1943-1944)
[Shortened M3, Mk3 Plastic Scabbard] | 10 in. | 1903-Series Springfield
M1-Series Garand | American Fork & Hoe
Oneida, Ltd.
PAL Blade & Tool
Rock Island Arsenal
Springfield Armory
Utica Cutlery
Union Fork & Hoe | | M1
[M7 Plastic Scabbard] | 10 in. | 1903-Series Springfield
M1-Series Garand | American Fork & Hoe
Oneida, Ltd.
PAL Blade & Tool
Utica Cutlery
Union Fork & Hoe | | M4 (Leather Grips - World War 2)
[M8 Plastic Scabbard] | 6-3/4 in. | M1, M1A1, M2, M3 Carbines | Aerial Cutlery
Camillus Cutlery
Imperial Knife
Kinfolks, Inc.
PAL Blade & Tool
Utica Cutlery
W.R. Case & Sons Cutlery | | M4 (Plastic Grips - Post-WW2)
[M8, M8A1 Plastic Scabbard] | 6-3/4 in. | M1, M1A1, M2, M3 Carbines | Conetta Mfg.
Bren-Dan Mfg.
Imperial Knife
Turner Mfg. | | M4 (Plastic Grips - WW2 Rework)
[M8, M8A1 Plastic Scabbard] | 6-3/4 in. | M1, M1A1, M2, M3 Carbines | Aerial Cutlery
Camillus Cutlery
Imperial Knife
Kinfolks, Inc.
PAL Blade & Tool
Utica Cutlery
W.R. Case & Sons Cutlery | | M5, M5A1
[M8, M8A1 Plastic Scabbard] | 6-5/8 in. | M1-Series Garand | Aerial Cutlery
Jones & Dickinson Tool
Imperial Knife
Utica Cutlery
Columbus Milpar & Mfg. Co. | | M6
[M8A1 Plastic Scabbard] | 6-5/8 in. | M14 Rifle | Aerial Cutlery
Imperial Knife
Columbus Milpar & Mfg. Co. | | M7
[M8A1, M10 Plastic Scabbard] | 6-5/8 in. | M16-Series Rifle
M4-Series Carbine | Bauer Ordnance Co.
Carl Eickhorn Co. (for Colt's)
Colt's Firearms
Columbus Milpar & Mfg. Co.
Conetta Mfg.
Frazier Mfg.
General Cutlery
Imperial Knife
Ontario Knife | | M9
[M9 Plastic Scabbard] | 7-1/8 in. | M16-Series Rifle
M4-Series Carbine | Phrobis Mfg.
Buck Knives
Lan-Cay Mfg. | U.S. Bayonets and Military Rifles
(1892 to Present) |
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