Well, looking at the formula of calcium carbonate, you can see that every formula unit of CaCO3 contains equal numbers of Ca2+ ion (the "elemental calcium") and CO32- ion. This is in terms of moles. In terms of grams, every mole of CaCO3 contains about 40.077 g of Ca2+ and 60.010 g of CO32-. So in mole units the amounts are the same, but in gram or milligram or any mass unit the amount of carbonate is greater! Since the formula is fixed, there would be nothing you could do about it unless your calcium source is something other than calcium carbonate.
For some ideas about your other question, visit the link below!
Steve