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General : Rate Law and Rate Constant
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 Message 1 of 5 in Discussion 
From: MSN NicknameN_2006  (Original Message)Sent: 3/3/2008 3:20 AM
Hey Steve,
HOw's it going? I have a question for my chemistry lab.
Thanks!
 
This is the data:
 
2ClO2 (aq) + 2OH-(aq) --> ClO3- (aq) + ClO2-(aq) + H2O (l)
 
where rate = change(triangle) [ClO2]  divided by  delta time (change in time)
 
[ClO2]o        [OH-]             Initial Rate
(mol/L)           (mol/L)                (mol/Ls)
0.0500          0.100                   5.75 x 10^-2
0.100            0.100                   2.30 x 10^-1
0.100            0.050                   1.15 x 10^-1
 
How do you determine the rate law and the value of the constant?
and second quesiton is
What would be the initial rate for an experiment with [ClO2]o = 0.175 mol/L and [OH-]o = 0.0844 mol/L
 
Thanks,
N.


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Reply
 Message 2 of 5 in Discussion 
From: MSN Nickname·Steve·Sent: 3/3/2008 3:50 AM
Hi, I've been OK, still doin' this chemistry stuff!  In your experiment, you doubled one reactant concentration while not changing the other, the usual procedure, in order to determine the orders in the rate law for the reaction,

Rate  =  k[ClO2]x[OH�?/SUP>]y

In exps 1 and 2, [ClO2] was doubled and [OH�?/SUP>] was not changed.  The rate of the reaction increased by a factor of 0.230 Ms�? / 0.0575 Ms�?  =  4.00.  Thus, 4.00  =  2x,  x = 2.

More fully,

Rate2    =    0.230 Ms�?     =    4.00    =    k(0.100 M)x(0.100 M)y
Rate1    =    0.0575 Ms�?                         k(0.050 M)x(0.100 M)y
 
k and (0.100 M)y cancel out, leaving

4.00   =   (0.100 M)x    =    2x
              (0.050 M)x

4.00  =  2x,   log (4.00)  =  x log (2),   x  =  log (4.00) / log (2)  =  2.

With "exact" numbers like these, we can tell that x = 2 without using logarithms, but that is the general method. 
 

Calculate Y in the rate law the same way, using exps 3 and 2.  When [OH�?/SUP>] is doubled from 0.050 M to 0.100 M, the rate increases by a factor of 0.230 Ms�? / 0.115 Ms�?  =  2.00.  2.00  =  2y,  y = ____.
 
 
Take any of the experiments and plug the numbers into the rate law (the concentrations and the values of x and y) and solve for k.  Be sure to write the correct units for k!

Steve

Reply
 Message 3 of 5 in Discussion 
From: MSN Nickname·Steve·Sent: 3/3/2008 3:54 AM
Small fix:  The rate law is
 
Rate   =   k [ClO2]x [OH�?/SUP>]y
 
(with superscript y).

Reply
 Message 4 of 5 in Discussion 
From: MSN NicknameN_2006Sent: 3/3/2008 11:08 PM
Hey thanks for the help.  I understand this question now but I am still able with Rate laws and determining first/second orders, and initial rates.  Do you know of any websites that explain these concepts or do you have any general tips etc.
Thanks!

Reply
 Message 5 of 5 in Discussion 
From: MSN Nickname·Steve·Sent: 3/4/2008 2:54 AM
I don't have any good websites on hand, but it depends on the kind of information you need.  Experimentally, the orders with respect to each reactant are determined just like in your question here.  The initial rate is often approximated by determining the average rate very early in the reaction.  You make a graph of concentration of one of the reactants vs. time, and the slope of the early part of the curve is close to the initial instantaneous rate.
 
You can also make plots of ln[reactant] vs. time, or 1/[reactant] vs. time.  If the reaction is first order with respect to that reactant, the ln[reactant] plot will give a straight line with a slope of –k.  If the plot of 1/[reactant] vs. time gives a straight line instead, the reaction is second order with respect to that reactant and the slope is k.
 
Some not too great PowerPoint notes are on my website at here.  Large file sizes, use a high speed connection to access!
 
Steve

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