You may want to look into the family of Luther Barnes.  The biography of his son state that Luther and his wife had 10 children.  I am finding oly 8.

 

John N. Barnes was born in Adams county, Ohio, on the 16th of January, 1828. His father, Luther Barnes, was born in Parkersburg, Virginia, in 1800. At twenty-one years of age he moved to Ohio, where he married Nancy Wear. They had a family of ten children, of whom John is the sixth. Luther Barnes came to Fulton county in 1835, and died in 1860. His wife lived until 1867.
   In 1850 John Barnes made a trip to California, where he remained three years. On his return he engaged in farming, and in 1866 he married Elvira Bolman. They have one child, Lydia Belle.

1830 Adams Co. Ohio Luther Barns (sic) has a daughter in the 5-10 year range.  I have not yet found him in 1840 Illinois.

MARSHALL, JOSEPH                     BARNES, SARAH                        10/16/1842 00A/0103 00000103 FULTON

 

Looking at the 1850, there is a 5 year old Marshall child living with the Luther Barnes family.  She probably was the child of these two folks.  Sarah should have been one of the two girls living in the Luther Barnes Household in 1830. 

 

There were other early Barnes marriages.