Besom This is the name for the traditional broomstick made from wood and twigs. It is used to symbolically sweep the circle and represents fertillity and new life had Handfastings when it is leapt over by the couple.     Candles These can be used to represent the symbol of fire or to represent the Goddess and God and in different appropiate colours for spells and rituals for empowerment. ( for more see Candle Magick )      Cardinal Points These are the four quarters and points of a compass-North, South, East and West. These are linked to the elements of Earth, Air, Fire and water. ( for more see the Elements )      Cauldron The cauldron is a feminine symbol of the Goddess, life, death and rebirth and it can be used when working outside to contain fire or for burning candles when inside. It can also be filled with water for scrying or for holding flowers for various rituals.      Censer This is a container in which burning incense is held.                    Chalice The chalice is used to hold the wine which is used in rituals, such as in the Rite of Wine and Cakes or in the Great Rite. It is a symbol of the Goddess and can be made from glass, metal, stone or wood which can be decorative or plain.      Circle The circle is the Sacred space of the Witch and is created or "cast" wherever it is needed. Your circle can be any size that you might need it to be, although traditionally in a Coven a circle of 9 feet across is used. There are three primary reasons witches cast a circle. The first is to create sacred space. Witches create sacred space to provide a place that is distinctly different from the mundane world with which to make magick, meditation, and ritual. The second reason is because most things in Wicca involve the raising, concentration, and focus of energy. If there is no circle cast, it would be very difficult to contain the energy raised, and as a result also very difficult to focus that energy. The energy must be kept separate and uncluttered from the energies that may be out side the circle. The third reason circle is cast is for protection from the negative forces .

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