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| | From:  rensielk (Original Message) | Sent: 3/8/2008 3:14 AM |
http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/abstract/132/11/3379
Substituting Honey for Refined Carbohydrates Protects Rats from Hypertriglyceridemic and Prooxidative Effects of Fructose
Recent findings indicate that a high fructose diet has a prooxidant effect in rats compared with a starch diet. Because honey is rich in fructose, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of substituting honey for refined carbohydrates on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. Rats were fed for 2 wk purified diets containing 65 g/100 g carbohydrates as wheat starch or a combination of fructose and glucose or a honey-based diet prepared by substituting honey for refined carbohydrates (n = 9/group). The same amount of fructose was provided by the honey and fructose diets. The hypertriglyceridemic effect of fructose was not observed when fructose was provided by honey. Compared with those fed starch, fructose-fed rats had a lower plasma {alpha}-tocopherol level, higher plasma nitrite and nitrate (NOx) levels and were less protected from lipid peroxidation as indicated by heart homogenate TBARS concentration. Compared with those fed fructose, honey-fed rats had a higher plasma {alpha}-tocopherol level, a higher {alpha}-tocopherol/triacylglycerol ratio, lower plasma NOx concentrations and a lower susceptibility of heart to lipid peroxidation. Further studies are required to identify the mechanism underlying the antioxidant effect of honey but the data suggest a potential nutritional benefit of substituting honey for fructose in the diet. |
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That's interesting. It is known that the Royal jelly causes epigenetic changes leading to more saturated membranes and 10x increase in lifespan in the queen bees. Perhaps the insect hormones may have some effect even in humans. There are skin creams with the Royal jelly for instance possibly rejuvenating skin by removing the highly unsaturated PUFAs from it? There is also the amino acid mixture known as VAAM used in sports drinks in Japan. It has been designed according to some stomach extract from hornets who can fly 100km by turning fat to energy very efficiently. It indeed helps people to loose fat and work out longer than without drinking it (very popular in Japanese sports clubs).
Haddad LS, Kelbert L, Hulbert AJ (2007) Extended longevity of queen honey bees compared to workers is associated with peroxidation-resistant membranes. Exp Gerontol
http://www.vaam.jp |
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I know that honey is very high in salicylates and those seem to prevent the oxidation of PUFAs (similar to aspirin). It also has many other anti-oxidants and compounds that have yet to be identified or studied (and some that have).
In contrast, refined sugar and HFCS have no known nutrients and no anti-oxidants and they are proven to deplete Vitamin E, accelerate lipid peroxidation, and shorten life.
http://tinyurl.com/2dqsqo
http://tinyurl.com/2e8f88
I get honey that has not been processed, heated, or strained. Comb honey, honey spread, and unheated honey should be acceptable. "Raw" honey often isn't. Royal jelly and pollen in small amounts may also have benefits. Again, I would prefer "fresh" to highly processed pills or powders. |
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| Do you have any direct reference that HFCS/Fructose deplete VitE? The all described bad effects of sugar possibly only occur in the state when cells are loaded with AA ... |
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The references I gave looked at refined sugars. Starches do not have this effect. I'm sure that the modern diet makes this situation worse, but it seems that refined sugars make even small amounts of PUFAs more harmful.
There are also studies saying that low-fat diets increase the levels of oxidized cholesterol, while high-fat diets decrease it. Here is a blog I've been reading with lot of references to these studies. The author favors a very high-fat, low PUFA, low-fiber, and low-carb diet. He eats small amounts of carbs like potatoes, 85% dark chocolate, etc.
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http://high-fat-nutrition.blogspot.com/
He's very against fruits and vegetables - thinks they are bad stuff. Here are some of his articles on "fruit and vegetables", presenting evidence that they increase oxidized cholesterol, lipid peroxidation, DNA and protein damage.
http://high-fat-nutrition.blogspot.com/2007/12/fruit-and-vegetables-re-post.html
http://high-fat-nutrition.blogspot.com/2007/08/vegetables-damage-your-dna-latest-study.html
http://high-fat-nutrition.blogspot.com/2007/09/fruit-and-vegetables-last-post-almost.html
http://high-fat-nutrition.blogspot.com/2007/12/fruit-and-vegetables-in-holland.html
http://high-fat-nutrition.blogspot.com/2008/01/there-are-people-like-these-scientific.html
Bruce |
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Thanks Bruce for the interesting Blog links! It's impressive his low carb high fat+meat diet gives him very low HbA1c (at 52!) despite having quite high cholesterol. A lot of interesting reading but he may miss the role of carbohydrates in the seasonal breeding of humans. But this is irrelevant in people beyond their reproductive age. I still think that the nicest match to the optimal human diet and disease prevention is described in the book "Lights Out" I have mentioned in the Pineal thread.
Taka |
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While reading his Blog I also noticed that he might be another example of how low carb diet protects against PUFA toxicity:
QUOTE: Obviously neither chickens nor pigs have a rumen, so their fatty acid balance will be far more affected by the high omega six content of their diet. This is the primary reason I add 5g/day of fish oil to my diet. It goes some way to getting an essential fatty acid ratio of about one part omega 3 to, at worst, 2 parts omega 6 overall. PUFA make up about 5% of my total lipid intake, which obviously is quite high in absolute terms, due to the total amount of fat I eat.
This seems to be a very reasonable approach to PUFA for me. UNQUOTE.
SOURCE:
http://high-fat-nutrition.blogspot.com/search/label/Essential%20fatty%20acids%20are%20essential |
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Here is the citation for the claim that sugar depletes VitE:
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Aug;85(8):2970-3.
Glucose challenge stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by leucocytes.
Mohanty P, Hamouda W, Garg R, Aljada A, Ghanim H, Dandona P.
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo and Kaleida Health, 14209, USA.
Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased ROS generation, oxidative injury and obesity. To elucidate the relationship between nutrition and ROS generation, we have investigated the effect of glucose challenge on ROS generation by leucocytes, p47phox protein, a key protein in the enzyme NADPH oxidase and alpha-tocopherol levels. Blood samples were drawn from 14 normal subjects prior to, at 1, 2 and 3 h following ingestion of 75 g glucose. ROS generation by polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) and mononuclear cells (MNC) increased to a peak of 244 +/- 42% and 233 +/- 34% of the basal respectively at 2h. The levels of p47phox in MNC homogenates increased significantly at 2 h and 3 h after glucose intake. alpha-Tocopherol levels decreased significantly at 1 h, 2 h and 3 h. We conclude that glucose intake stimulates ROS generation and p417phox of NADPH oxidase; increases oxidative load and causes a fall in alpha-tocopherol concentration.
PMID: 10946914
I guess the mechanism is via glucose-stimulated AA release and oxidation. On the Blog he suggests that sugar also depletes VitB1 but burning [saturated] fat doesn't increase requirements for any particular vitamins:
http://high-fat-nutrition.blogspot.com/search/label/Fat%20storage%20and%20retrieval |
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Here's an article describing his current diet.
http://high-fat-nutrition.blogspot.com/2008/01/what-do-i-eat-fitday-analysis.html
He only eats 4% PUFAs by calories (12g), and that includes trans fat like CLA which is not really PUFA. So he is actually eating slightly less PUFAs than that. He does eat a variety of things, so he occasionally eats fatty chicken and fish, but his diet is heavily based on cream, dark chocolate, and beef fat, which are extremely low in PUFAs (3-4% of total fat).
He said he has always had high cholesterol, no matter what type of diet he eats. The sample menu he gives has 85% fat, 10% protein, 5% carbs. Very extreme. He thinks that protein should be limited to just adequate levels (1g per kg, more or less). This is based on Jan Kwasniewski's diet.
http://homodiet.netfirms.com/
http://www.cybernaut.com.au/optimal_nutrition/ |
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Looks like Kwasniewski also made it to the Wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Optimal_Diet |
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| I agree with Ray Peat that one should err on the side of caution with good-quality protein and consume a bit more than is recommended, though it will depend upon how active you are and other factors. To me, fat and carb consumption is not all that relevant, so long as you avoid rancid lipids or ones that are very susceptible to lipid peroxidation. Other factors, such as getting enough electrolyte minerals (in an absorbable form) are likely more important. |
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