| Old Term | Modern Description |
| Apoplexy | Stroke |
| Atrophy of liver | Any kind of wasting or diminshed function and could be applied to other organs |
| Bad blood | Syphilis |
| Blood poisoning | Septicemia |
| Bright's disease | Kidney disease |
| Chincough | Whooping cough |
| Consumption | Tuberculosis, pulmonary |
| Cretinism | Hypothyroidism, congenital |
| Croup | Hoarse croaking cough associated with inflammation of the larynx and trachea in children. |
| Dropsy | Congestive heart failure or any other condition which leads to a build up of fluid (Oedema). |
| Fatty liver | Cirrhosis |
| General paralysis of the insane | Tertiary syphilis |
| Glandular fever | Mononucleosis |
| Grippe | Influenza (Flu) |
| Jail fever | Typhus |
| Kink | Fit of coughing or choking |
| Lock jaw | Tetanus |
| Lung fever | Tuberculosis |
| Plague/Black death | Bubonic plague |
| Podagra | Gout |
| Pott's disease | Tuberculosis of the spinal vertebrae |
| Phthisis | Wasting of the body or pulmonary tuberculosis |
| Quinsy | Acute suppurative tonsillitis; peritonsillar abscess. An acute inflammation of the tonsils with the formation of pus. |
| Scarlet Fever | Acute infectious fever caused by haemolytic streptococcus infection in the throat |
| Scrofula | Tuberculosis of the neck lymph nodes |
| Toxemia of pregnancy | Eclampsia (high blood pressure & seizures) |
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