Collection of Memories<o:p></o:p>

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Dakota<o:p></o:p>

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1795 �?2007<o:p></o:p>

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Collection of Memories<o:p></o:p>

By Elaine Wakaksan Matlow<o:p></o:p>

January 2007<o:p></o:p>

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Part One of Three<o:p></o:p>

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Before Leonard Peltier was born�?lt;o:p></o:p>

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1795: The time was late October 1795. About 20 tents of the Sisiton Dakota were camped. They were busy preparing for the winter. The men were hunting, and the women were gathering roots. Into this scene came Henri LaRoque to trade for furs these people had harvested. He unfortunately had two kegs of whiskey, which he would use to get the men into a trading mood. As he was a shrewd trader he gave one of the kegs away to the men. Once they had tasted the “mysterious water�?(miniwakan) they wanted more and he brought out the second keg. Now they must trade for furs to get more of the evil liquid. No doubt being in a happy mood they traded their furs cheaply. �?L. Garcia<o:p></o:p>

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As the men became more intoxicated (witkoko) they began to argue and kill each other. When morning dawned ten of their number lay dead. LaRoque made a quick exit. They picked up their dead and removed to <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Swan</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Lake</st1:PlaceType></st1:place> (Magatanka Ota Bde) to place their dead on burial scaffolds. Five tents remained behind at the ‘prairie�?thus forming a separate band. Who was the cause of this tragedy? A tribal law was enacted during the fur trade era, which said, revenge could not be taken upon a fellow Dakota whose mind had been blurred with alcohol. LaRoque was not a member and so his name was cursed and vows made against him. �?L. Garcia<o:p></o:p>

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Word reached LaRoque that he was a marked man. His business was in trouble as well as his safety. He knew the Dakota mind and immediately loaded his boat with trade goods and traveled to <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Swan</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Lake</st1:PlaceType> by way of the <st1:place w:st="on">Minnesota River</st1:place>. As he neared the Sisitons he painted his face black and sang his death song. Going to the scaffolds of the dead he laid down gifts to appease their spirits. He called out to the Sisseton’s “I am unsika (sorryful), I am a dog, I have caused the death of my kin and brethren. I have come to die�? He sat down with his back to them and covered his face. “Strike me now, I cannot see, and make no resistance�? Henri LaRoque appeased their dead. All was forgiven. They washed his face and shook his hand in friendship. �?L. Garcia<o:p></o:p>

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They were known as ‘southern Sisseton�?because they ranged south of Northern Sisseton who lived about <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Lake</st1:PlaceType> <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Traverse</st1:PlaceName></st1:place>. The Five Lodges are mentioned in countless manuscripts and book. �?L. Garcia<o:p></o:p>

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Thunderface or Itewakinyan, Chief of the Five Lodges. Signer of the 1851 Traverse des Sioux Treaty. He died in 1857. He was known as the Limping Devil because of a leg wound received from the Sac and Fox circa 1832, and his contrary disposition. Every early traveler to <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Minnesota</st1:place></st1:State> mentions his name. Limping <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Devil</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Lake</st1:PlaceType> (now named <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Hackberry</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Lake</st1:PlaceType>) located in northern <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Brookville</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Township</st1:PlaceType>, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Redwood</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">County</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>, Mn was named after him (SDHC Vol. 6 (1912), page 186). <o:p></o:p>

�?L. Garcia<o:p></o:p>

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“Limping Devil�?is a name of Euro-American language origins. The word “devil�?is not found in the Dakota language. Reasonably, the Dakota would not use the word “devil�?to describe a person, place or thing simply because it does not exist in their language. The sound of thunder commands respect and is represented by the sacred Thunderbird. Hence, Thunderface is a wakan or sacred name.                                                                                                                                                <o:p></o:p>

Tateahnahiyayewin (Coming on Top of a Cloud) The sister of Thunderface; Mother of Hunkawin aka Anna Jetty. (Garcia) <o:p></o:p>

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1812: The war of 1812, called “When the Redhead Begged for Our Help�?refereed to Robert Dickson asking the Dakota to fight beside the British once again. In 1768, the Dakota pledged that they would have nothing to do with the Americans. They were allies of the British in the Revolutionary War and refused to transfer their allegiance to the Americans after the defeat of the British. (Elias 8) The Cree word “Kimosopuatinhak�?refers to the “Home of the Ancient Dakota�?located in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Canada</st1:place></st1:country-region>. (Elias 6)<o:p></o:p>

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“The Dakota of the Canadian Northwest: Lessons For Survival�?By Peter D. Elias. <o:p></o:p>

<st1:City w:st="on">Winnipeg</st1:City>: The <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Manitoba</st1:PlaceName></st1:place> Press, 1988.<o:p></o:p>

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1837: (Frenchman) Jetty, Frank or Saste (Pinky Finger) or Francois Jette, aka Shetais. Born June or July 1837 in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">Canada</st1:country-region></st1:place>. He was the son of Francois Jette and Amelia DeMarais. Died September 1, 1926, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Montevideo</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st="on">Minnesota</st1:State></st1:place>. Came to <st1:State w:st="on">Minnesota</st1:State> in 1854 to work on freight barges, 1857 went to Lower Sioux Agency (<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Redwood Falls</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st="on">MN</st1:State></st1:place>) to make fence rails. 1858 became a fur trader with his cousin Moses Mireau at <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Big</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Stone</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Lake</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>. 1859 married Hunkawin, 1862 lived at headwaters of the Yellow Medicine (<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Hanley Falls</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st="on">MN</st1:State></st1:place>) warned to flee by a relative of his wife, during Indian Uprising. Defended <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Fort</st1:PlaceType> <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Ridgley</st1:PlaceName></st1:place> with Moses Mireau as part of the Renville Rangers (Robinson 1954:235). Served in battles of Birch Coulee and Woodlake, became bodyguard of General H.H. Sibley. Scouted during the 1863 and 1864 expeditions. Nearly killed by hostile Dakota at <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Lake</st1:PlaceType> <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Stay</st1:PlaceName> (modern <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Lake</st1:PlaceType> <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Arco</st1:PlaceName>, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Lincoln County</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st="on">MN</st1:State></st1:place>). Moved to <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Camp</st1:PlaceType> <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Release</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Township</st1:PlaceType>, (<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Lac Qui Parle County</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st="on">MN</st1:State></st1:place>) and remained with his second Dakota wife Cecelia Campbell Charron. He fathered five children with Cecelia. His descendants still live in the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Montevideo</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st="on">MN</st1:State></st1:place> area (Frank Stay biography by Alan R. Woolworth). Saste (pronounced Sha-shtay) is the Dakota word for the little or pinky finger. The Indian name of Frank Jetty senior. <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Lake</st1:PlaceType> <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Stay</st1:PlaceName></st1:place> was named after him.  �?L. Garcia<o:p></o:p>

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1837: Jetty, Anna or Hunka (Honored One) SWS # 946, 1837 �?1921. Father: Ptewakannajin, Mother: Tateahnahiyayewin.  Married Frank Jetty by Indian custom at age 16. She had two children by him: Winona or Josephine (Mrs. August Frenier) and Frank Stay Jr. (Ptewakannajin) circa 1859. She later married William Siyaka (Diver Duck) with whom she had six children; Charles, Susan (Mrs. Moses St. John), Moses Williams (Siyo = Prairie Chicken), Helen (Mrs. Supangi [Artichoke Seed]), and two who died in infancy. �?L. Garcia<o:p></o:p>

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1841: Holy Standing Cow or Ptewakannajin: father to Solomon Redfox. His blood siblings are Sacred Visible Voice, and Hunkawin aka Anna Jetty. White Dog is a half- brother. Tradition says he was married seven times. He was a guide to Reverend Riggs to the Missouri River in 1841. Riggs says he was a nephew to Thunderface. Redfox or Solomon Sunginaduta, DLS # 65, 1863 �?1942. The son of Holy Standing Cow, and Tateahnahiyayewin. Hunkawin aka Anna Jetty was the oldest child and Solomon was the youngest. �?L. Garcia<o:p></o:p>

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1842: White Dog or Sunkaska, DLS # 280, 1842 �?1930. White Dog was a scout for the Sibley Expedition of 1863. White Dog, Desired Woman, and White Woman are siblings of Matowakan. �?L. Garcia<o:p></o:p>

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